Rapid method for detection of Salmonella in milk by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

The Plasmonic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device was used to develop a rapid, simple and specific immunoassay for detection of Salmonella in milk. Rapid detection of Salmonella contamination is a major challenge for the food industry. Salmonella contamination is well known in all foods including pasteurised milk. The SPR assay was developed as a sandwich model using a polyclonal antibody against Salmonella as capture and detection antibody. Milk spiked with Salmonella typhimurium cells, killed by thimerosal (1%, w/w) treatment was used. Using the Plasmonic SPR assay it was possible to detect S. typhimurium down to a concentration of 1.25 x 10(5) cells ml(-1) in both milk and buffer system. The results obtained are comparable with existing, approved rapid Salmonella detection techniques. No negative effects on the sensitivity of the assay are encountered due to the milk matrix. Hence, no sample preparation or clean-up steps are required. The sample volume requirement for the assay is only 10 microl. Using the assay S. typhimurium was detected in milk within 1h, whereas the cultural techniques require 3-4 days for presumptive positive isolates and further time for confirmation. The rapid tests require at least 24h for the results. The Plasmonic SPR device operates on the Kretschmann configuration and is a cuvette-based system with the advantage of having eight channels on one single SPR chip.

[1]  R. Mcdonald,et al.  Massive outbreak of antimicrobial-resistant salmonellosis traced to pasteurized milk. , 1987, JAMA.

[2]  Frances S. Ligler,et al.  Optical biosensors : present and future , 2002 .

[3]  R. Salmon,et al.  The problems of tracing a geographically widespread outbreak of salmonellosis from a commonly eaten food: Salmonella typhimurium DT193 in North West England and North Wales in 1991 , 1993, Epidemiology and Infection.

[4]  Jiří Homola,et al.  Detection of foodborne pathogens using surface plasmon resonance biosensors , 2001 .

[5]  Teruya Ishihara,et al.  Surface plasmon enhanced photon drag in metal films , 2005 .

[6]  M. Zourob,et al.  An integrated optical leaky waveguide sensor with electrically induced concentration system for the detection of bacteria. , 2005, Lab on a chip.

[7]  B. Liedberg,et al.  Biosensing with surface plasmon resonance--how it all started. , 1995, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  F. van Knapen,et al.  Immunochemical detection of Salmonella group B, D and E using an optical surface plasmon resonance biosensor. , 2003, FEMS microbiology letters.

[9]  Ş. Süzer,et al.  Formation of alkylsilane-based monolayers on gold. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  Valérie Gaudin,et al.  Screening of penicillin residues in milk by a surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor assay: comparison of chemical and enzymatic sample pre-treatment , 2001 .

[11]  Burkhard Malorny,et al.  Comparison of PCR-ELISA and LightCycler real-time PCR assays for detecting Salmonella spp. in milk and meat samples. , 2004, Molecular and cellular probes.

[12]  Evangelyn C. Alocilja,et al.  DETECTION OF E. COLI O157:H7 USING A MINIATURIZED SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR , 2005 .

[13]  R. Betts,et al.  Comparison of methods for the recovery and detection of low levels of injured Salmonella in ice cream and milk powder , 2000, Letters in applied microbiology.

[14]  P. Fratamico,et al.  Detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor , 1998 .

[15]  M. Medina,et al.  Binding interaction studies of the immobilized Salmonella typhimurium with extracellular matrix and muscle proteins, and polysaccharides. , 2004, International journal of food microbiology.

[16]  Woochang Lee,et al.  Immunosensor for the detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 using surface plasmon resonance. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[17]  T. Miyamoto,et al.  Studies of collagen binding with immobilized Salmonella enteritidis and inhibition with synthetic and naturally occurring food additives by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor , 2003 .

[18]  E. Perkins,et al.  Development of instrumentation to allow the detection of microorganisms using light scattering in combination with surface plasmon resonance. , 2000, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  Jeong-Woo Choi,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  S. Forsythe,et al.  The detection of Salmonella using a combined immunomagnetic separation and ELISA end‐detection procedure , 2000, Letters in applied microbiology.

[21]  A. Eyigor,et al.  Implementation of real‐time PCR to tetrathionate broth enrichment step of Salmonella detection in poultry , 2002, Letters in applied microbiology.

[22]  W H Andrews,et al.  Relative effectiveness of selenite cystine broth, tetrathionate broth, and rappaport-vassiliadis medium for recovery of Salmonella spp. from raw flesh, highly contaminated foods, and poultry feed: collaborative study. , 1996, Journal of AOAC International.

[23]  Ingemar Lundström,et al.  Real-time biospecific interaction analysis , 1994 .

[24]  M. Uyttendaele,et al.  Evaluation of real‐time PCR vs automated ELISA and a conventional culture method using a semi‐solid medium for detection of Salmonella , 2003, Letters in Applied Microbiology.

[25]  Rick Parker,et al.  Introduction to Food Science , 2001 .

[26]  K. Balakrishna,et al.  Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) by selective amplification of invA, viaB, fliC‐d and prt genes by polymerase chain reaction in mutiplex format , 2006, Letters in applied microbiology.

[27]  Avraham Rasooly,et al.  Spectral surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk. , 2002, International journal of food microbiology.

[28]  Hong Wang,et al.  A MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY FOR RAPID DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES, SALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM AND CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED FOOD SAMPLES , 2005 .

[29]  Carl A. Batt,et al.  Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology , 2000 .

[30]  J. Bruno,et al.  Immunomagnetic-electrochemiluminescent detection of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella typhimurium in foods and environmental water samples , 1996, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[31]  Meghan F. Davis,et al.  Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium Infection from Milk Contaminated after Pasteurization , 2004, Emerging infectious diseases.

[32]  R. E. Early,et al.  The Technology of Dairy Products , 1997 .

[33]  Valérie Gaudin,et al.  Development of a Biosensor-based Immunoassay for Screening of Chloramphenicol Residues in Milk , 2001 .

[34]  J. M. Ascenzi,et al.  Handbook of disinfectants and antiseptics. , 1995 .

[35]  Burkhard Malorny,et al.  Making Internal Amplification Control Mandatory for Diagnostic PCR , 2003, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[36]  L. Slutsker,et al.  An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections associated with pasteurized milk. , 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[37]  Jiří Homola,et al.  Comparison of E. coli O157:H7 preparation methods used for detection with surface plasmon resonance sensor , 2005 .

[38]  R. Tsang,et al.  A murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes a genus-specific epitope in the Salmonella lipopolysaccharide outer core. , 1991, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie : international journal of medical microbiology.

[39]  M. Zourob,et al.  Bacteria detection using disposable optical leaky waveguide sensors. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[40]  Toru Kobayashi,et al.  Development of a PCR assay for detection of Enterobacteriaceae in foods. , 2003, Journal of food protection.

[41]  G. Wyatt,et al.  Combined Immunomagnetic Separation and Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in Food Samples , 1998 .