Loving Kindness Meditation zur Behandlung der chronischen Depression

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Chronische Depressionen gehen mit einer langwierigen Belastung einher und verursachen hohe Krankheitskosten. Ein möglicher Ansatz zur Behandlung könnte die Loving Kindness Meditation (LKM) sein. Methode: In dieser Pilot-Studie wurde ein LKM-Gruppenprogramm eingesetzt und bezüglich der Effektivität untersucht. N = 2207 Fälle aus Wartelistendaten wurden stufenweise zu der LKM-Gruppe (n = 12) zugeordnet. Zwei Kontrollgruppen (n = 134 und n = 12) wurden gebildet, indem zunächst die Ein-und Ausschlusskriterien angewandt wurden und dann die verbliebene Stichprobe basierend auf der Kovariatenverteilung mittels Propensity Score Matching (PSM) angepasst wurde. Die Gruppen wurden anhand des OQ-30 verglichen. Ergebnisse: Im Prä-Post-Vergleich zeigten sich im OQ-30 signifikante Verbesserungen. Allerdings zeigte sich das so nicht in den symptomspezifischen Instrumenten (BDI-II und HAM-D). Im Vergleich zu der gesamten Wartelistenstichprobe (n = 134) ergaben sich signifikante Verbesserungen im OQ-30. Verglichen mit der PSM-Wartelistenkontrollgruppe zeigten sich marginal signifikante Unterschiede im OQ-30, signifikante Unterschiede konnten bezüglich der Depressionsitems des OQ-30 nachgewiesen werden. In der Interventionsgruppe ergaben sich mehr reliable Verbesserungen im OQ-30 als in den Wartelistenkontrollgruppen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Pilotstudie zeigte eine geringere Abbruchquote als Vorgängerpilotstudien und eine gute Prä-Post Effektstärke im OQ-30, sowie im Vergleich zu den beiden Wartelistekontrollgruppen. Allerdings zeigten sich keine konsistenten Prä-Post Effekte in den Depressionsskalen. Eine weitere umfangreichere Studie mit aktiver Kontrollgruppe wäre nötig, um das Programm hinsichtlich seiner Effektivität, bezüglich des Abbruchs sowie der Heterogenität der Effekte in den Depressionsskalen weiter untersuchen zu können.

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