Flow visualisation study in porous media using X-rays

An X-ray technique has been developed to visualise the fluid flow behaviour in three-phase packed column. It can be used in both static and transient conditions. This technique is capable of differentiating between various liquids or solids or both. It can be used to visualise the flow in one, two or three dimensions. The technique has been used to study the complex flow behaviour of fluid (rivulets/droplets/film formation, dispersion, etc.) in a porous medium in both static and dynamic conditions. It is shown that X-ray is a powerful and simple tool for visualisation and is very useful in research.