Persistent Modulation of Neural Excitability in the Hippocampus: The Role of EPSP-Spike (E–S) Potentiation

It is becoming increasingly apparent that long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic efficacy in, the hippocampus is not a unitary phenomenon. Most attention has been focussed on the associative form of LTP, which is found in the perforant path projection to granule cells of the dentate gyrus, in the commissural projection to areas CA1 and CA3, and in the Schaffer collateral projection from CA3 to CA1. In the context of LTP, associativity refers to the ability of an active pathway to influence the probability that LTP will occur in another active pathway converging on the same target cells (see Gustafsson and Wigstrom 1991). In all these cases, the induction of the effect is mediated by the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor, and it is the voltage-dependent properties of the NMDA receptor/channel complex which endows LTP with its associative properties (Collingridge and Bliss 1987). In contrast, LTP in the mossy fibre projection to CA3 cells is not mediated by the NMDA receptor (Harris and Cotman 1986). Although there is disagreement about whether the postsynaptic neurone participates in the induction of mossy-fibre LTP (Jaffe and Johnston 1990; Zalutsky and Nicoll 1990), there have been two reports that this form of LTP is non-associative (Kauer and Nicoll 1988; Chattarji et al. 1989).

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