Advances in automated nut sorting

Abstract: Nuts in general and tree nuts in particular are a high value crop in many countries. Products with defects, contamination, insects or fungal damage can cause serious losses to producers, so almost all products are subjected to some level of sorting to remove these undesirable products. This chapter focuses on post harvest processing, specifically the advances in the removal of undesired nuts and contaminants from a nut processing stream via automated sorting. Specifically, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computer- and acoustics-based sorting systems.

[1]  Tom C. Pearson,et al.  Spectral Properties and Effect of Drying Temperature on Almonds with Concealed Damage , 1999 .

[2]  P. Butz,et al.  Recent Developments in Noninvasive Techniques for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Internal Quality Analysis , 2006 .

[3]  Mark J. T. Smith,et al.  Comparison of image analysis techniques for defect detection in food-processing applications , 1996, Other Conferences.

[4]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  Separating in-shell pistachio nuts from kernels using impact vibration analysis , 2007 .

[5]  N. S. Visen,et al.  AE—Automation and Emerging Technologies: Identification and Segmentation of Occluding Groups of Grain Kernels in a Grain Sample Image , 2001 .

[6]  Bruce G. Batchelor,et al.  Approaches to foreign body detection in foods , 1998 .

[7]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Classification of Hazelnut Kernels by Using Impact Acoustic Time-Frequency Patterns , 2008, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[8]  Tom C. Pearson,et al.  Color image based sorter for separating red and white wheat , 2008 .

[9]  David Casasent,et al.  Neural net classification of x-ray pistachio nut data , 1996, Other Conferences.

[10]  Mahmoud Omid,et al.  Development of pistachio sorting system using principal component analysis (PCA) assisted artificial neural network (ANN) of impact acoustics , 2010, Expert Syst. Appl..

[11]  Shyam Narayan Jha,et al.  Non-Destructive Techniques for Quality Evaluation of Intact Fruits and Vegetables , 2000 .

[12]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  An automatic algorithm for detection of infestations in X-ray images of agricultural products , 2007 .

[13]  Noel D.G. White,et al.  X-ray Image Analysis to Detect Infestations Caused by Insects in Grain , 2003 .

[14]  Natsuko Toyofuku,et al.  X-ray detection of defects and contaminants in the food industry , 2008 .

[15]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  Automated sorting of pistachio nuts with closed shells. , 2000 .

[16]  Margarita Ruiz-Altisent,et al.  Review: Sensors for product characterization and quality of specialty crops-A review , 2010 .

[17]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  Machine Vision System for Automated Detection of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Pistachios , 1998 .

[18]  V. Scussel,et al.  Development of Physical and Optical Methods for In-shell Brazil Nuts Sorting and Aflatoxin Reduction , 2009 .

[19]  Ron P. Haff,et al.  Low Cost Real-Time Sorting of In-Shell Pistachio Nuts from Kernels , 2008 .

[20]  Tom C. Pearson,et al.  Hardware-based image processing for high-speed inspection of grains , 2009 .

[21]  Sindi Simelane,et al.  Mechanical Properties of Heat‐cured Whey Protein‐based Edible Films Compared with Collagen Casings under Sausage Manufacturing Conditions , 2005 .

[22]  G. Doménech-Asensi,et al.  7 – Applying optical systems , 2004 .

[23]  M. C. Pasikatan,et al.  EVALUATION OF A HIGH–SPEED COLOR SORTER FOR SEGREGATION OF RED AND WHITE WHEAT , 2003 .

[24]  Noel D.G. White,et al.  SOFT X–RAY INSPECTION OF WHEAT KERNELS INFESTED BY SITOPHILUS ORYZAE , 2003 .

[25]  Thomas F. Schatzki,et al.  Machine recognition of weevil damage in wheat radiographs , 1993, Other Conferences.

[26]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  Sorting of In-Shell Pistachio Nuts from Kernels Using Color Imaging , 2010 .

[27]  Tom C. Pearson.  Machine Vision System for Automated Detection of Stained Pistachio Nuts , 1996 .

[28]  A. H. Tewfik,et al.  CLASSIFICATION OF CLOSED- AND OPEN-SHELL PISTACHIO NUTS USING VOICE-RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY , 2004 .

[29]  Tom C. Pearson,et al.  Use of near infrared transmittance to automatically detect almonds with concealed damage , 1999 .

[30]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  AUTOMATED SORTING OF ALMONDS WITH EMBEDDED SHELL BY LASER TRANSMITTANCE IMAGING , 2002 .

[31]  A. Ghazanfari,et al.  Machine Vision Grading of Pistachio Nuts Using Fourier Descriptors , 1997 .

[32]  Yang Tao,et al.  INTERNAL INSPECTION OF DEBONED POULTRY USING X–RAY IMAGING AND ADAPTIVE THRESHOLDING , 2001 .

[33]  W. W. Casady,et al.  An Automated Kernel Positioning Device for Computer Vision Analysis of Grain , 1989 .

[34]  M. A. Doster,et al.  Automated detection of pistachio defects by machine vision , 2001 .

[35]  S. Melvin,et al.  Design and development of a grain kernel singulation device , 2003 .

[36]  T. Pearson,et al.  High-Speed Sorting of Grains by Color and Surface Texture , 2010 .

[37]  Shi Ding-Ji,et al.  Reduce image blur due to motion by sight-line following , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology - ICIT '94.

[38]  A. Enis Çetin,et al.  Detection of empty hazelnuts from fully developed nuts by impact acoustics , 2005, 2005 13th European Signal Processing Conference.

[39]  S. C. Bee,et al.  6 – Optical sorting systems , 2004 .

[40]  Saeid Minaei,et al.  Acoustic on-line grain moisture meter , 2006 .

[41]  Noel D.G. White,et al.  Comparison of soft X-rays and NIR spectroscopy to detect insect infestations in grain , 2005 .

[42]  M. A. Shahin And S.J. Symons,et al.  A machine vision system for grading lentils , 2001 .

[43]  R. P. Haff,et al.  SPECTRAL BAND SELECTION FOR OPTICAL SORTING OF PISTACHIO NUT DEFECTS , 2006 .

[44]  David Casasent,et al.  New feature extraction method for classification of agricultural products from x-ray images , 1999, Other Conferences.

[45]  David C. Slaughter,et al.  REAL-TIME X-RAY INSPECTION OF WHEAT FOR INFESTATION BY THE GRANARY WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (L.) , 2004 .

[46]  M. A. Shahin And S.J. Symons,et al.  Lentil type identification using machine vision , 2003 .

[47]  Tom C. Pearson,et al.  Imaging and Automated Detection of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Pupae in Hard Red Winter Wheat , 2006 .

[48]  Mahmoud Omid,et al.  An intelligent system for sorting pistachio nut varieties , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[49]  T. C. Pearson,et al.  Detection and removal of single mycotoxin contaminated maize grains following harvest. , 2006 .

[50]  Ibrahim Onaran,et al.  Detection of Underdeveloped Hazelnuts from Fully Developed Nuts by Impact Acoustics , 2006 .

[51]  J. Abbott.  Quality measurement of fruits and vegetables , 1999 .

[52]  R. Lu,et al.  Technologies for Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables , 2010 .

[53]  Da-Wen Sun,et al.  Improving quality inspection of food products by computer vision: a review , 2004 .

[54]  Tom C. Pearson.  Detection of pistachio nuts with closed-shells using impact acoustics. , 2000 .

[55]  Noel D.G. White,et al.  Soft X-ray image analysis to detect wheat kernels damaged by Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) , 2003 .

[56]  T F Schatzki,et al.  Analysis of radiograms of wheat kernels for quality control , 1988 .

[57]  David Casasent,et al.  Modified binary watershed transform for segmentation of agricultural products , 1999, Other Conferences.