Efficient deoxygenation of waste cooking oil over Co3O4–La2O3-doped activated carbon for the production of diesel-like fuel

Untreated waste cooking oil (WCO) with significant levels of water and fatty acids (FFAs) was deoxygenated over Co3O4–La2O3/ACnano catalysts under an inert flow of N2 in a micro-batch closed system for the production of green diesel. The primary reaction mechanism was found to be the decarbonylation/decarboxylation (deCOx) pathway in the Co3O4–La2O3/ACnano-catalyzed reaction. The effect of cobalt doping, catalyst loading, different deoxygenation (DO) systems, temperature and time were investigated. The results indicated that among the various cobalt doping levels (between 5 and 25 wt%), the maximum catalytic activity was exhibited with the Co : La ratio of 20 : 20 wt/wt% DO under N2 flow, which yielded 58% hydrocarbons with majority diesel-range (n-(C15 + C17)) selectivity (∼63%), using 3 wt% catalyst loading at a temperature of 350 °C within 180 min. Interestingly, 1 wt% of catalyst in the micro-batch closed system yielded 96% hydrocarbons with 93% n-(C15 + C17) selectivity within 60 min at 330 °C, 38.4 wt% FFA and 5% water content. An examination of the WCO under a series of FFA (0–20%) and water contents (0.5–20 wt%) indicated an enhanced yield of green diesel, and increased involvement of the deCOx mechanism. A high water content was found to increase the decomposition of triglycerides into FFAs and promote the DO reaction. The present work demonstrates that WCO with significant levels of water and FFAs generated by the food industry can provide an economical and naturally replenished raw material for the production of diesel.

[1]  Xinyue Xing,et al.  Co-site substitution by Mn supported on biomass-derived active carbon for enhancing magnesia desulfurization. , 2019, Journal of hazardous materials.

[2]  A. Sreedevi,et al.  Nickel oxide/cobalt phthalocyanine nanocomposite for potential electronics applications , 2019, The European Physical Journal B.

[3]  J. Juan,et al.  Modified mesoporous HMS supported Ni for deoxygenation of triolein into hydrocarbon-biofuel production , 2018, Energy Conversion and Management.

[4]  Hwai Chyuan Ong,et al.  Promoting deoxygenation of triglycerides via Co-Ca loaded SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 catalyst , 2018 .

[5]  Jiří Jaromír Klemeš,et al.  Advances in Process Integration research for CO2 emission reduction – A review , 2017 .

[6]  Y. Taufiq-Yap,et al.  Deoxygenation of waste cooking to renewable diesel over walnut shell derived nanorode activated carbon supported CaO-La2O3 catalyst , 2017 .

[7]  J. Juan,et al.  Catalytic deoxygenation of triglycerides to green diesel over modified CaO-based catalysts , 2017 .

[8]  N. Chollacoop,et al.  Effect of the Pd/MCM-41 Pore Size on the Catalytic Activity and cis–trans Selectivity for Partial Hydrogenation of Canola Biodiesel , 2017 .

[9]  R. Dong,et al.  An Overview on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oil and Its Model Compounds , 2017 .

[10]  Khalid Saeed,et al.  Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities , 2017, Arabian Journal of Chemistry.

[11]  Y. Taufiq-Yap,et al.  Synthesis of MnO-NiO-SO4−2/ZrO2 solid acid catalyst for methyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate , 2017 .

[12]  Tingfan Tang,et al.  Acidic hierarchical zeolite ZSM-5 supported Ru catalyst with high activity and selectivity in the seleno-functionalization of alkenes , 2017 .

[13]  Shouyun Cheng,et al.  Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading , 2016 .

[14]  Y. Taufiq-Yap,et al.  A new route for the synthesis of La-Ca oxide supported on nano activated carbon via vacuum impregnation method for one pot esterification-transesterification reaction , 2016 .

[15]  Y. Taufiq-Yap,et al.  Synthesis of structured carbon nanorods for efficient hydrogen storage , 2016 .

[16]  J. Hensley,et al.  Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates: A Review , 2016 .

[17]  Rahimi M. Yusop,et al.  Studies on CO2 Adsorption and Desorption Properties from Various Types of Iron Oxides (FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4) , 2016 .

[18]  V. Pasa,et al.  Biokerosene and green diesel from macauba oils via catalytic deoxygenation over Pd/C , 2016 .

[19]  Y. Taufiq-Yap,et al.  Preparation of Activated Carbon from Walnut Shell Doped La and Ca Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil , 2016 .

[20]  S. Yorgun,et al.  Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Paulownia wood by chemical activation with H3PO4 , 2015 .

[21]  A. Ravi,et al.  Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using copper doped zinc oxide nanocomposite as heterogeneous catalyst. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[22]  M. Sajdak,et al.  Use of plastic waste as a fuel in the co-pyrolysis of biomass: Part III: Optimisation of the co-pyrolysis process , 2015 .

[23]  A. K. Tyagi,et al.  Plasmon-mediated, highly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of industrial textile dyes using hybrid ZnO@Ag core–shell nanorods , 2014 .

[24]  Hongfei Lin,et al.  The role of cobalt and nickel in deoxygenation of vegetable oils , 2014 .

[25]  Xiaoxing Wang,et al.  Low-temperature methanation of syngas in slurry phase over Zr-doped Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared using different methods , 2014 .

[26]  Haihui Wang,et al.  Catalytic performance of plasma catalysis system with nickel oxide catalysts on different supports for toluene removal: Effect of water vapor , 2014 .

[27]  Akwasi A. Boateng,et al.  Hydrodeoxygenation of fast-pyrolysis bio-oils from various feedstocks using carbon-supported catalysts , 2014 .

[28]  N. Chen,et al.  Role of support in deoxygenation and isomerization of methyl stearate over nickel–molybdenum catalysts , 2014 .

[29]  Y. Sekine,et al.  Role of support lattice oxygen on steam reforming of toluene for hydrogen production over Ni/La0.7Sr0.3AlO3−δ catalyst , 2013 .

[30]  Vishnu Pareek,et al.  Photocatalytic treatment of shower water using a pilot scale reactor , 2012 .

[31]  Mohammad Ghasemi,et al.  Transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using Ca and Zr mixed oxides as heterogeneous base catalysts , 2012 .

[32]  J. K. Satyarthi,et al.  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Monitoring Hydroprocessing of Vegetable Oils To Produce Hydrocarbon-Based Biofuel , 2011 .

[33]  Matthias G. Arend,et al.  Catalytic deoxygenation of oleic acid in continuous gas flow for the production of diesel-like hydrocarbons , 2011 .

[34]  J. A. Melo-Banda,et al.  Catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oil for agrofuels production using Ni–Mo, Ni–W, Pt and TFA catalysts supported on SBA-15 , 2011 .

[35]  T. Choudhary,et al.  Renewable fuels via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation , 2011 .

[36]  K. Kwon,et al.  Catalytic deoxygenation of liquid biomass for hydrocarbon fuels , 2011 .

[37]  Spyros Voutetakis,et al.  Catalytic Hydrocracking of Fresh and Used Cooking Oil , 2009 .

[38]  D. Lee,et al.  Heterogeneous Base Catalysts for Transesterification in Biodiesel Synthesis , 2009 .

[39]  Shuli Yan,et al.  Simultaneous transesterification and esterification of unrefined or waste oils over ZnO-La2O3 catalysts , 2009 .

[40]  Kari Eränen,et al.  Continuous decarboxylation of lauric acid over Pd/C catalyst , 2008 .

[41]  C. Bellefon,et al.  Micro-structured reactors as a tool for chiral modifier screening in gas-liquid-solid asymmetric hydrogenations , 2007 .

[42]  L. Cadús,et al.  La1−xCaxCoO3 perovskite-type oxides: Identification of the surface oxygen species by XPS , 2006 .

[43]  A. E. Aksoylu,et al.  The Effect of Metal Loading on Structural Characteristics and Low Temperature CO Oxidation Activity of Coprecipitated Co/Al2O3 , 2005 .

[44]  Y. Rezgui,et al.  Effect of acidity and metal content on the activity and product selectivity for n-decane hydroisomerization and hydrocracking over nickel–tungsten supported on silica–alumina catalysts , 2005 .

[45]  I. D. Singh,et al.  Structural characterization of coke on spent hydroprocessing catalysts used for processing of vacuum gas oils , 2004 .

[46]  Hideaki Hisamoto,et al.  Phase-transfer alkylation reactions using microreactors. , 2003, Chemical communications.

[47]  Ferdi Schüth,et al.  The Controlled Oxidation of Hydrogen from an Explosive Mixture of Gases Using a Microstructured Reactor/Heat Exchanger and Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst , 2000 .

[48]  Bernard Delmon,et al.  Study of the Hydrodeoxygenation of Carbonyl, Carboxylic and Guaiacyl Groups Over Sulfided Como/gamma-al2o3 and Nimo/gamma-al2o3 Catalysts .1. Catalytic Reaction Schemes , 1994 .

[49]  J. Fierro.  STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF PEROVSKITE SURFACE IN RELATION TO ADSORPTION AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES , 1990 .

[50]  Masatake Haruta,et al.  Gold catalysts prepared by coprecipitation for low-temperature oxidation of hydrogen and of carbon monoxide , 1989 .

[51]  H. Imai,et al.  Preparation of CoLaO3 catalyst fine particles by mist decomposition method II effect of additives for the increase of surface area , 1984 .

[52]  Y. Taufiq-Yap,et al.  Pyro-lytic de-oxygenation of waste cooking oil for green diesel production over Ag2O3-La2O3/AC nano-catalyst , 2019, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.

[53]  N. Bion,et al.  Synthesis of oxide supported LaMnO3 perovskites to enhance yields in toluene combustion , 2016 .

[54]  Rijie Wang,et al.  Deoxygenation of methyl laurate to hydrocarbons on silica-supported Ni-Mo phosphides: Effect of calcination temperatures of precursor , 2015 .

[55]  M. N. Kashid,et al.  Micro-batch reactor for catching intermediates and monitoring kinetics of rapid and exothermic homogeneous reactions , 2013 .