Primary-only vs. primary-secondary variable flow systems
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Several articles over the last several years have extolled the virtues of primary-only variable flow chilled water pumping systems compared to the conventional primary-secondary pumping system. One articles even predicts the demise of primary-secondary systems. While there is no question that the primary-only system has many advantages, the primary-secondary system may still be preferable for some applications.
[1] Gil Avery. Improving the Efficiency of Chilled Water Plants , 2001 .
[2] G. Avery. Controlling chillers in variable flow systems , 1998 .
[3] W. Kirsner. The demise of the primary-secondary pumping paradigm for chilled water plant design , 1996 .
[4] Thomas Hartman,et al. All-Variable Speed Centrifugal Chiller Plants , 2001 .
[5] Somchai Paarporn. Local Pumping System , 2000 .