Improving the Interviewing of Suspects Using the PEACE Model: A Comprehensive Overview

Abstract:In light of psychological research, a growing number of countries/organizations have decided to adopt a model/approach of "investigative interviewing" of suspects that does not rely on coercive or oppressive methods. In 2016, the United Nations' "Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatments" (law professor Juan Mendez) submitted his report to the United Nations, which stated that "The Special Rapporteur … advocates the development of a universal protocol identifying a set of standards for non-coercive interviewing methods and procedural safeguards that ought, as a matter of law and policy, to be applied at a minimum to all interviews by law enforcement officials, military and intelligence personnel and other bodies with investigative mandates." When mentioning this "universal protocol" in 2016, the U.N. Special Rapporteur noted that "The essence of an alternative information-gathering model was first captured by the PEACE model of interviewing adopted in 1992 in England and Wales … investigative interviewing can provide positive guidance for the protocol." The "universal protocol" took three years to produce and was published in 2021. This article will overview (i) the evolution of the PEACE method, (ii) some of the research on effectiveness of aspects of the PEACE method, and (iii) the 2021 publication called Principles of Effective Interviewing.Résumé:Compte tenu des recherches en psychologie, de plus en plus de pays et d'organisations ont décidé d'adopter un modèle ou une approche d'«entrevue d'enquête» auprès des suspects, qui ne repose pas sur des méthodes coercitives ou oppressives. En 2016, le rapporteur spécial sur la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants des Nations Unies (le professeur de droit Juan Mendez) a soumis son rapport aux Nations Unies, dans lequel il déclarait que le rapporteur spécial préconise la création d'un protocole universel établissant une série de normes pour parvenir à des méthodes d'entrevue non coercitives et des garanties procédurales qui devraient, dans le cadre des lois et des politiques, s'appliquer à tout le moins aux entrevues effectuées par les responsables de l'application des lois, les militaires, le personnel du renseignement et d'autres organismes dotés de mandats d'enquête. Lorsqu'il a fait mention de ce «protocole universel» en 2015, le rapporteur spécial des Nations Unies a remarqué que l'essence d'un autre modèle de collecte d'information a d'abord été saisie par le modèle d'entrevue PEACE adopté en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles en 1992 et que l'entrevue d'enquête peut fournir une orientation positive au protocole. Il a fallu trois ans pour produire le «protocole universel», qui a été publié en 2021. Le présent article passera en revue i) l'évolution de la méthode PEACE, ii) des recherches sur l'efficacité de certains aspects de la méthode PEACE, et iii) la publication de 2021 intitulée Principles of Effective Interviewing.

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