Extracting -of- Rules from Trained Neural Networks

An effective algorithm for extracting -of- rules from trained feedforward neural networks is proposed. Two com- ponents of the algorithm distinguish our method from previously proposed algorithms which extract symbolic rules from neural net- works. First, we train a network where each input of the data can only have one of the two possible values, 1 or one. Second, we apply the hyperbolic tangent function to each connection from the input layer to the hidden layer of the network. By applying this squashing function, the activation values at the hidden units are ef- fectively computed as the hyperbolic tangent (or the sigmoid) of the weighted inputs, where the weights have magnitudes that are equal one. By restricting the inputs and the weights to binary values ei- ther 1 or one, the extraction of -of- rules from the networks becomes trivial. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on several widely tested datasets. For datasets consisting of thousands of patterns with many attributes, the rules extracted by the algorithm are surprisingly simple and accurate. Index Terms—DNF rules, feedforward neural networks, -of- rules, network pruning, rule extraction.