The article discusses neuroscience research using optogenetics and its applicability to future treatment of psychiatric disorders. Optogentics describes a research procedure that inserts opsin genes into brain cells and uses flashing light to stimulate responses in specific neurons. The technology avoids the immobilizing aspects of electrode techniques and is better at elucidating the neural circuitry of the brain. The history of development of optogenetics is discussed. The coordinated use of optogenetics and functional magnetic resonance imaging is noted for improvements it yields in researching neural circuits. INSETS: An Expanding Tool Kit of Useful Genes;Does Optogenetics Challenge Ethics?.
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