Heat exchanger network design

Heat exchanger networks are designed to reach energy targets obtained by the problem table analysis with the help of the pinch design method. The method is adapted to allow trade-offs between energy, number of units, and capital; and to cover retrofit of existing plants. This chapter gives a synoptic view of advanced concepts that include: more complex maximum energy recovery or minimum energy requirement (MER) designs involving stream splitting, network relaxation, elimination of small exchangers with a minor energy penalty, situations with constraints, multiple pinches, utility pinches and pinch regions, revamp and retrofit of existing heat exchanger networks, and operability aspects and multiple base cases. Heat exchange equipment is divided into three families: shell and tube used for liquids but which may include gases or condensing streams, plate that is used for liquids, and recuperative exchangers that are used for gas streams. Heat recovery to and from solid streams is difficult. A multi-stream heat exchanger is therefore used as an alternative to the splitting of streams into parallel branches for achieving MER. Threshold problems are cases where one utility is not required. Available types of heat exchangers and key themes are illustrated by application to the case study on organics distillation.

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