Use of reduced aperture waveguide as a calculable standard for the verification of millimetre-wave vector network analyzers

In this paper, 3D electromagnetic simulation is used to predict the attenuation of a length of reduced aperture waveguide (RAW) and to estimate the uncertainty in the predicted attenuation due to imperfect dimensions and alignment of the waveguide. This allows the RAW to be used as a calculable standard for the verification of mm-wave waveguide vector network analyzers (VNAs). The VNA is verified if the attenuation of the RAW measured on the VNA agrees with the predicted attenuation to within the uncertainties.