Study on permanent ground displacement induced by seismic liquefaction

Abstract Permanent ground displacement as induced by seismic liquefaction was measured in the area which was recently hit by an earthquake. The measurement was carried out by comparing two aerophotographs of the area which were taken before and after the tremor. Using the measured data an empirical equation was derived which can calculate the magnitude of the displacement briefly. Furthermore, a finite-element technique was developed in order to predict the magnitude and the direction of the displacement in more precise manners.