Influence of a Nonlinear Channel Resistance on Lightning-Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines

In this paper, a lightning return-stroke model proposed by the authors is used for investigating the effect of a nonlinear (current-dependent) channel resistance on lightning-induced voltages on an overhead wire. Lightning-induced voltages are shown to behave at early times as if they were calculated by assuming a lossy channel and at later times as if they were calculated by assuming a lossless channel, the transition between early and latter stages being smoothed by the continuous time decay of the channel resistance. Despite such a transitional behavior, it is argued that similar induced-voltage waveforms can be obtained if a channel resistance with constant value between the upper and lower limits associated to the leader and return-stroke channels is suitably selected. It is also shown that in the cases evaluated in this paper simple engineering return-stroke models are able to lead to lightning-induced voltages in relatively good agreement with those predicted by the considered nonlinear return-stroke model. Finally, lightning-induced voltages calculated using the nonlinear return-stroke model are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data.

[1]  V. Cooray,et al.  On the representation of the lightning return stroke process as a current pulse propagating along a transmission line , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[2]  M. Uman,et al.  Lightning return stroke current models with specified channel‐base current: A review and comparison , 1990 .

[3]  S.H.H. Sadeghi,et al.  Representation of a Lightning Return-Stroke Channel as a Nonlinearly Loaded Thin-Wire Antenna , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[4]  M. Plooster,et al.  Numerical Model of the Return Stroke of the Lightning Discharge , 1971 .

[5]  Yoshihiro Baba,et al.  Numerical electromagnetic analysis of lightning-induced voltage over ground of finite conductivity , 2003 .

[6]  Rouzbeh Moini,et al.  Evaluation of LEMP effects on complex wire structures located above a perfectly conducting ground using electric field integral equation in time domain , 1998 .

[7]  C. A. Jordan,et al.  Lightning computation for transmission line with overhead ground wires , 1934 .

[8]  M. Uman,et al.  The electromagnetic radiation from a finite antenna , 1975 .

[9]  T. A. Short,et al.  Induced voltage measurements on an experimental distribution line during nearby rocket triggered lightning flashes , 1996 .

[10]  S. Visacro,et al.  Analytical Representation of Single- and Double-Peaked Lightning Current Waveforms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[11]  C. Christopoulos,et al.  A model of the lightning channel, including corona, and prediction of the generated electromagnetic fields , 1990 .

[12]  Eduard M. Bazelyan,et al.  Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection , 2000 .

[13]  Vernon Cooray,et al.  A comparison of different approaches to simulate a nonlinear channel resistance in lightning return stroke models , 2008 .

[14]  S. Visacro,et al.  Revision, extension, and validation of Jordan's formula to calculate the surge impedance of vertical conductors , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[15]  Ashok K. Agrawal,et al.  Transient Response of Multiconductor Transmission Lines Excited by a Nonuniform Electromagnetic Field , 1980 .

[16]  T. Sarkar,et al.  Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines , 1988, 31st ARFTG Conference Digest.

[17]  Li-Hua Shi,et al.  Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines Using a 2-D FDTD Method and Agrawal Coupling Model , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[18]  Louis Baker.  Return-Stroke Transmission Line Model , 1987 .

[19]  G. N. Oetzel,et al.  Computation of the diameter of a lightning return stroke , 1968 .

[20]  M. Rubinstein,et al.  An approximate formula for the calculation of the horizontal electric field from lightning at close, intermediate, and long range , 1996 .

[21]  M. Ianoz,et al.  Influence of a lossy ground on lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines , 1996 .

[22]  M. Uman,et al.  Magnetic field of lightning return stroke , 1969 .

[23]  W. David Rust,et al.  Photoelectric return-stroke velocity and peak current estimates in natural and triggered lightning , 1989 .

[24]  Vernon Cooray.  Some considerations on the "Cooray-Rubinstein" formulation used in deriving the horizontal electric field of lightning return strokes over finitely conducting ground , 2002 .

[25]  Silverio Visacro,et al.  A distributed‐circuit return‐stroke model allowing time and height parameter variation to match lightning electromagnetic field waveform signatures , 2005 .

[26]  Vernon Cooray,et al.  Horizontal fields generated by return strokes , 1992 .

[27]  S. Visacro,et al.  Evaluation of Lightning-Induced Voltages Over a Lossy Ground by the Hybrid Electromagnetic Model , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[28]  Y. Baba,et al.  On the mechanism of attenuation of current waves propagating along a vertical perfectly conducting wire above ground: application to lightning , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[29]  Vladimir A. Rakov,et al.  Some inferences on the propagation mechanisms of dart leaders , 1998 .

[30]  M. Ianoz,et al.  Lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines , 1993 .

[31]  Silverio Visacro,et al.  On the use of lumped sources in a nonlinear lightning return stroke model and extension for evaluating strikes to tall objects , 2009 .