Location Information Quality: A Review

The quality of location information is an important factor for location-based services (LBSs). In the literature, the quality of location information has been defined in different ways based on varying sets of aspects. The objectives of this paper are to review existing literature discussing location information quality and to provide a consistent framework for describing and dealing with location information quality. In particular, we review existing literature on different aspects of location information quality and on factors that affect location sensing technologies (and thus location information quality). Based on this review, we also propose a simple model for describing location information quality and a classification of the strategies for dealing with variations in the quality of location information. Designers of location sensing systems can use this model as a standard vocabulary for describing the quality of location information. The classification of strategies can be used by developers of LBSs apps to design alternative strategies for dealing with location information quality on three levels: sensor-level, algorithm-level, and application-level, which are aligned with the Location Stack model.

[1]  Christophe Macabiau,et al.  Review and classification of vision-based localisation techniques in unknown environments , 2014 .

[2]  Daniel Salber,et al.  Modelling and Using Sensed Context Information in the Design of Interactive Applications , 2001, EHCI.

[3]  Hassan A. Karimi,et al.  Uncertainty in Personal Navigation Services , 2011, Journal of Navigation.

[4]  Kevin Curran,et al.  RFID-Enabled Location Determination Within Indoor Environments , 2009, Int. J. Ambient Comput. Intell..

[5]  Shengsheng Yu,et al.  Improvement Schemes for Indoor Mobile Location Estimation: A Survey , 2015 .

[6]  Chao Huang,et al.  A Survey on Indoor Positioning Technologies , 2011 .

[7]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing , 2001, Computer.

[8]  Oscar Mayora-Ibarra,et al.  Tuning to your position: FM radio based indoor localization with spontaneous recalibration , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom).

[9]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  Locating in fingerprint space: wireless indoor localization with little human intervention , 2012, Mobicom '12.

[10]  G.B. Giannakis,et al.  Localization via ultra-wideband radios: a look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[11]  Henry Tirri,et al.  A Statistical Modeling Approach to Location Estimation , 2002, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput..

[12]  Ruizhi Chen,et al.  An Indoor Positioning System Based on Static Objects in Large Indoor Scenes by Using Smartphone Cameras , 2018, Sensors.

[13]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Dead reckoning from the pocket - An experimental study , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom).

[14]  Chau Yuen,et al.  Fusing Similarity-Based Sequence and Dead Reckoning for Indoor Positioning Without Training , 2017, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[15]  Ignas Niemegeers,et al.  A survey of indoor positioning systems for wireless personal networks , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[16]  Ding-Bing Lin,et al.  Mobile location estimation based on differences of signal attenuations for GSM systems , 2003, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450).

[17]  Yin Chen,et al.  FM-based indoor localization , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[18]  Albrecht Schmidt,et al.  Uncertainty Visualization Influences how Humans Aggregate Discrepant Information , 2018, CHI.

[19]  Gerd Scholl,et al.  Deriving 2D TOA/TDOA IEEE 802.11 g/n/ac location accuracy from an experimentally verified fading channel model , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[20]  Eyal de Lara,et al.  An Exploration of Location Error Estimation , 2007, UbiComp.

[21]  Chau Yuen,et al.  Indoor Positioning Using Visible LED Lights , 2015, ACM Comput. Surv..

[22]  Jadwiga Indulska,et al.  Modelling and using imperfect context information , 2004, IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2004. Proceedings of the Second.

[23]  Roy H. Campbell,et al.  MiddleWhere: A Middleware for Location Awareness in Ubiquitous Computing Applications , 2004, Middleware.

[24]  Kyu-Han Kim,et al.  SAIL: single access point-based indoor localization , 2014, MobiSys.

[25]  Hend Suliman Al-Khalifa,et al.  Ultra Wideband Indoor Positioning Technologies: Analysis and Recent Advances † , 2016, Sensors.

[26]  Chankil Lee,et al.  Indoor positioning: A review of indoor ultrasonic positioning systems , 2013, 2013 15th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT).

[27]  Moustafa Youssef,et al.  No need to war-drive: unsupervised indoor localization , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[28]  Myungsik Yoo,et al.  An in-Depth Survey of Visible Light Communication Based Positioning Systems , 2016, Sensors.

[29]  Peter Steenkiste,et al.  Providing contextual information to pervasive computing applications , 2003, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2003. (PerCom 2003)..

[30]  Ramón F. Brena,et al.  Evolution of Indoor Positioning Technologies: A Survey , 2017, J. Sensors.

[31]  Mari Saua Svalastog.  Indoor Positioning - Technologies, Services and Architectures , 2007 .

[32]  Chi-Yi Lin,et al.  An Interactive Real-Time Locating System Based on Bluetooth Low-Energy Beacon Network † , 2018, Sensors.

[33]  R Mardeni.  Node Positioning in ZigBee Network Using Trilateration Method Based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) , 2010 .

[34]  Jesús Favela,et al.  Uncertainty Management in Context-Aware Applications: Increasing Usability and User Trust , 2011, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[35]  Kris Luyten,et al.  A Unified Scalable Model of User Localisation with Uncertainty Awareness for Large-scale Pervasive Environments , 2011, 2011 Fifth International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies.

[36]  Wolfgang Wahlster,et al.  A resource-adaptive mobile navigation system , 2002, IUI '02.

[37]  Geoffrey G. Messier,et al.  Using WLAN Infrastructure for Angle-of-Arrival Indoor User Location , 2008, 2008 IEEE 68th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[38]  Eric Foxlin,et al.  Pedestrian tracking with shoe-mounted inertial sensors , 2005, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[39]  M. Bouet,et al.  RFID tags: Positioning principles and localization techniques , 2008, 2008 1st IFIP Wireless Days.

[40]  K.J.R. Liu,et al.  Signal processing techniques in network-aided positioning: a survey of state-of-the-art positioning designs , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[41]  Simon A. Dobson,et al.  LOC8: A Location Model and Extensible Framework for Programming with Location , 2010, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[42]  Simon A. Dobson,et al.  Situation identification techniques in pervasive computing: A review , 2012, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[43]  Matteo Ridolfi,et al.  Analysis of the Scalability of UWB Indoor Localization Solutions for High User Densities , 2018, Sensors.

[44]  R. Mautz.  Indoor Positioning Technologies , 2012 .

[45]  Lionel M. Ni,et al.  A Survey on Wireless Indoor Localization from the Device Perspective , 2016, ACM Comput. Surv..

[46]  Ravi Poovaiah,et al.  Single access point based indoor localization technique for augmented reality gaming for children , 2014, Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium.

[47]  Jing Liu,et al.  Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[48]  Kevin Curran,et al.  A survey of active and passive indoor localisation systems , 2012, Comput. Commun..

[49]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  The location stack: a layered model for location in ubiquitous computing , 2002, Proceedings Fourth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[50]  Simon A. Dobson,et al.  Resolving uncertainty in context integration and abstraction: context integration and abstraction , 2008, ICPS '08.

[51]  Luca Mainetti,et al.  A survey on indoor positioning systems , 2014, 2014 22nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM).

[52]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  From RSSI to CSI , 2013, ACM Comput. Surv..

[53]  Gerd Kortuem,et al.  Interactive Positioning Based on Object Visibility , 2004, Mobile HCI.

[54]  Chadly Marouane,et al.  Indoor positioning using smartphone camera , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[55]  Sverre Holm,et al.  Feasibility of ultrasound positioning based on signal strength , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN).

[56]  Elke Michlmayr,et al.  Designing LoL@, a Mobile Tourist Guide for UMTS , 2002, Mobile HCI.

[57]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  Enhancing wifi-based localization with visual clues , 2015, UbiComp.

[58]  Jie Yang,et al.  Push the limit of WiFi based localization for smartphones , 2012, Mobicom '12.

[59]  Anuj Batra,et al.  Ultra Wideband Systems: Technologies and Applications , 2006 .

[60]  Josef Hallberg,et al.  Positioning with Bluetooth , 2003, 10th International Conference on Telecommunications, 2003. ICT 2003..

[61]  Lawrence Chung,et al.  A Survey on Indoor Positioning Systems: Foreseeing a Quality Design , 2010, DCAI.

[62]  Romit Roy Choudhury,et al.  SurroundSense: mobile phone localization via ambience fingerprinting , 2009, MobiCom '09.

[63]  Lei Yu,et al.  Calibration-free fusion of step counter and wireless fingerprints for indoor localization , 2015, UbiComp.

[64]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  Indoor localization via multi-modal sensing on smartphones , 2016, UbiComp.

[65]  Christian Kray,et al.  Frames of Reference, Positional Information and Navigational Assistance , 2002, FLAIRS.

[66]  Gerd Kortuem,et al.  Adaptive Positioning for Ambient Systems , 2007, Künstliche Intell..

[67]  Joseph Kee-Yin Ng,et al.  Location Estimation via Support Vector Regression , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[68]  Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard,et al.  PosQ: Unsupervised Fingerprinting and Visualization of GPS Positioning Quality , 2010, MobiCASE.

[69]  Wolfgang Effelsberg,et al.  A study on user acceptance of error visualization techniques , 2008, MobiQuitous.

[70]  Injong Rhee,et al.  FM-based indoor localization via automatic fingerprint DB construction and matching , 2013, MobiSys '13.

[71]  Michael F. Worboys,et al.  Imprecision in Finite Resolution Spatial Data , 1998, GeoInformatica.

[72]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MOBICOM ’00) The Cricket Location-Support System , 2022 .

[73]  Rafael Saraiva Campos,et al.  Evolution of Positioning Techniques in Cellular Networks, from 2G to 4G , 2017, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[74]  Gregory D. Abowd,et al.  PowerLine Positioning: A Practical Sub-Room-Level Indoor Location System for Domestic Use , 2006, UbiComp.

[75]  Christian Kray,et al.  Visualizing Location Uncertainty on Mobile Devices , 2018, Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol..

[76]  Paul Congdon,et al.  Avoiding multipath to revive inbuilding WiFi localization , 2013, MobiSys '13.

[77]  Robert Harle,et al.  A Survey of Indoor Inertial Positioning Systems for Pedestrians , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[78]  Feng Zhao,et al.  A reliable and accurate indoor localization method using phone inertial sensors , 2012, UbiComp.

[79]  Andy Hopper,et al.  A new location technique for the active office , 1997, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[80]  Moustafa Youssef,et al.  The Horus WLAN location determination system , 2005, MobiSys '05.

[81]  Heidy Marisol Marín Castro,et al.  On-Device Learning of Indoor Location for WiFi Fingerprint Approach , 2018, Sensors.

[82]  Andy Hopper,et al.  The active badge location system , 1992, TOIS.

[83]  Ronald Raulefs,et al.  Recent Advances in Indoor Localization: A Survey on Theoretical Approaches and Applications , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[84]  R. Faragher,et al.  An Analysis of the Accuracy of Bluetooth Low Energy for Indoor Positioning Applications , 2014 .

[85]  Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard,et al.  Sensing and Classifying Impairments of GPS Reception on Mobile Devices , 2011, Pervasive.

[86]  Steve Benford,et al.  Can you see me now? , 2006, TCHI.

[87]  Anshul Rai,et al.  Zee: zero-effort crowdsourcing for indoor localization , 2012, Mobicom '12.

[88]  Seth J. Teller,et al.  Growing an organic indoor location system , 2010, MobiSys '10.

[89]  Mohamad Yassin,et al.  A survey of positioning techniques and location based services in wireless networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES).

[90]  H. Haas,et al.  Pedestrian Dead Reckoning : A Basis for Personal Positioning , 2006 .

[91]  Keith Cheverst,et al.  Developing a context-aware electronic tourist guide: some issues and experiences , 2000, CHI.

[92]  Walter Hirt,et al.  Composite Reconfigurable Wireless Networks: the Eu R&d Path towards 4g , 2022 .

[93]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  A Survey and Taxonomy of Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing , 2001 .

[94]  Chien-Sheng Chen,et al.  A non-line-of-sight error mitigation method for location estimation , 2017, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[95]  Xin Pan,et al.  ARIEL: automatic wi-fi based room fingerprinting for indoor localization , 2012, UbiComp.

[96]  Wai Yu,et al.  Path Planning and Following Algorithms in an Indoor Navigation Model for Visually Impaired , 2007, Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2007).

[97]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  WILL: Wireless indoor localization without site survey , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[98]  Sourav Bhattacharya,et al.  A grid-based algorithm for on-device GSM positioning , 2010, UbiComp.

[99]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  How Computer Vision Can Help in Outdoor Positioning , 2007, AmI.

[100]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID , 2004, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2003. (PerCom 2003)..

[101]  Kris Luyten,et al.  O brother, where art thou located?: raising awareness of variability in location tracking for users of location-based pervasive applications , 2012, J. Locat. Based Serv..

[102]  Mohsen Kavehrad,et al.  Multipath Reflections Analysis on Indoor Visible Light Positioning System , 2015, ArXiv.

[103]  Yue Liu,et al.  Bluetooth positioning using RSSI and triangulation methods , 2013, 2013 IEEE 10th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[104]  Tom Minka,et al.  You are facing the Mona Lisa: spot localization using PHY layer information , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[105]  Eyal de Lara,et al.  Accurate GSM Indoor Localization , 2005, UbiComp.