Chocolate-candy consumption and three-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women

To test the hypothesis that greater chocolate‐candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women.

[1]  Peter J. Roberts,et al.  Accessed from , 2022 .

[2]  S. Pocock,et al.  Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration , 2007, PLoS medicine.

[3]  B. Ou,et al.  Survey of commercially available chocolate- and cocoa-containing products in the United States. 2. Comparison of flavan-3-ol content with nonfat cocoa solids, total polyphenols, and percent cacao. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[4]  J. Maljaars Overeating makes the gut grow fonder; new insights in gastrointestinal satiety signaling in obesity , 2013, Current opinion in gastroenterology.

[5]  is Bess,et al.  Reference Guide on Epidemiology , 2000 .

[6]  Michael D. Green,et al.  Reference Guide on Epidemiology , 1994 .

[7]  A. Kristal,et al.  Measurement characteristics of the Women's Health Initiative food frequency questionnaire. , 1999, Annals of epidemiology.

[8]  J. Morley Pathophysiology of the anorexia of aging , 2013, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[9]  M W Knuiman,et al.  Adjustment for regression dilution in epidemiological regression analyses. , 1998, Annals of epidemiology.

[10]  J. W. Moore Reference manual on scientific evidence , 1995 .

[11]  J. Manson,et al.  A diet high in low-fat dairy products lowers diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. , 2011, The Journal of nutrition.

[12]  E. Rimm,et al.  Alternative dietary indices both strongly predict risk of chronic disease. , 2012, The Journal of nutrition.

[13]  P. Hellström Satiety signals and obesity , 2013, Current opinion in gastroenterology.

[14]  V. Salomaa,et al.  Chocolate, well-being and health among elderly men , 2008, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[15]  S. Pocock,et al.  The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. , 2007, Preventive medicine.

[16]  JoAnn E. Manson,et al.  Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. , 1998, Controlled clinical trials.

[17]  J. Manson,et al.  Alcohol consumption and body weight change in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative , 2012, International Journal of Obesity.

[18]  C. Spearman The proof and measurement of association between two things. , 2015, International journal of epidemiology.

[19]  Matthias Egger,et al.  The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies , 2007, PLoS medicine.

[20]  Brady T. West,et al.  Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software , 2006 .

[21]  J. Manson,et al.  Use of a dummy (pacifier) during sleep and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): population based case-control study , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[22]  H. White,et al.  Association between more frequent chocolate consumption and lower body mass index. , 2012, Archives of internal medicine.

[23]  M. Cuenca-Garcia,et al.  Association between chocolate consumption and fatness in European adolescents. , 2014, Nutrition.

[24]  A. Astrup,et al.  Eating dark and milk chocolate: a randomized crossover study of effects on appetite and energy intake , 2011, Nutrition & Diabetes.

[25]  C. Sherbourne,et al.  The RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0. , 1993, Health economics.

[26]  D Spiegelman,et al.  Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: a comparison of approaches for adjusting for total energy intake and modeling repeated dietary measurements. , 1999, American journal of epidemiology.

[27]  T. Lüscher,et al.  Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health , 2009, Circulation.

[28]  R. Langer,et al.  The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study: baseline characteristics of participants and reliability of baseline measures. , 2003, Annals of epidemiology.

[29]  Robert D. Langer,et al.  Short version of the CES-D (Burnam screen) for depression in reference to the structured psychiatric interview , 2001, Psychiatry Research.

[30]  R. Prentice,et al.  Women's Health Initiative , 2014 .

[31]  A. Chiolero,et al.  Assessing the Relationship between the Baseline Value of a Continuous Variable and Subsequent Change Over Time , 2013, Front. Public Health.

[32]  V. Fulgoni,et al.  Candy consumption was not associated with body weight measures, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome in US adults: NHANES 1999-2004. , 2011, Nutrition research.

[33]  J. Robins,et al.  When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? An example with education and cognitive change. , 2005, American journal of epidemiology.

[34]  J. Greenberg,et al.  Habitual Chocolate Consumption May Increase Body Weight in a Dose-Response Manner , 2013, PloS one.

[35]  Carson C. Chow,et al.  Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight , 2011, The Lancet.

[36]  E. Al-Dujaili,et al.  Dark Chocolate: An Obesity Paradox or a Culprit for Weight Gain? , 2014, Phytotherapy research : PTR.