Impact of Charging Station Operator (CSO) on V2G Method for Primary Frequency Control (PFC) in an Industrial Microgrid

Electric vehicles (EVs) due to their portentous capabilities like fast regulating capabilities are providing regulation of primary frequency services. However, contribution of electric vehicles (EVs) in primary frequency control (PFC), come up with challenges like simultaneously achieving the industrial microgrid operator dispatch and the estimated EVs batteries of state of charge (SOC) levels. As a solution to this issue, we recommend operative and dominating role of charging station operator (CSO) and control scheme of vehicle to grid, in which an indeterminate task is executed in the industrial microgrid operator (IMGO) without meticulous electric vehicles (EVs) charging/discharging statistics. The charging station operator (CSO) regulation can be attained by assigning the regulation job within the primary frequency regulation capability of electric vehicles (EVs). The anticipated SOC amount of electric vehicles (EVs) are assured by the real time rectification of their programmed/planned vehicles to grid power. Our previous research was based on decentralized vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control methods for EVs to participate in primary frequency control. In this research article, a strategy has been formulated for bringing a lot of EVs fleets into the centralized system for primary frequency control (PFC) in an industrial microgrid (IMG).

[1]  Li Zhang,et al.  A Multi-Function Conversion Technique for Vehicle-to-Grid Applications , 2015 .

[2]  Junjie Hu,et al.  FLECH Services to Solve Grid Congestion , 2018, 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2).

[3]  Ai Xin,et al.  Electric Vehicles and their Impacts on Integration into Power Grid: A Review , 2018, 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2).

[4]  S. Mishra,et al.  A Colored Petri Net Based Frequency Support Scheme Using Fleet of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid Environment , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  Jonathan W. Kimball,et al.  Frequency regulation of a microgrid using solar power , 2011, 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[6]  Peter Bach Andersen,et al.  Validating a centralized approach to primary frequency control with series-produced electric vehicles , 2016 .

[7]  Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi,et al.  Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[8]  Mohammad A. S. Masoum,et al.  Coordination of Generation Scheduling with PEVs Charging in Industrial Microgrids , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[9]  Zechun Hu,et al.  Vehicle-to-Grid Control for Supplementary Frequency Regulation Considering Charging Demands , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[10]  Hui Liu,et al.  Real-time vehicle-to-grid control for frequency regulation with high frequency regulating signal , 2018 .

[11]  Mohammad Saad Alam,et al.  Fast EV charging station integration with grid ensuring optimal and quality power exchange , 2019, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal.

[12]  Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed,et al.  Cooperative Control of Wind Power Generator and Electric Vehicles for Microgrid Primary Frequency Regulation , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[13]  Pengcheng Li,et al.  Design and Integration of the Bi-directional Electric Vehicle Charger into the Microgrid as Emergency Power Supply , 2018, 2018 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018 -ECCE Asia).

[14]  Salman Habib,et al.  Impact analysis of vehicle-to-grid technology and charging strategies of electric vehicles on distribution networks – A review , 2015 .

[15]  Salman Khan,et al.  Design and Implementation of Surge Protective Device for Solar Panels , 2018, 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2).

[16]  Pavol Bauer,et al.  Design of Plug-In Electric Vehicle's Frequency-Droop Controller for Primary Frequency Control and Performance Assessment , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[17]  Ai Xin,et al.  Improvement in the Efficiency of Inverter Involved in Microgrid , 2018, 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2).

[18]  Yang Li,et al.  Optimal distributed generation planning in active distribution networks considering integration of energy storage , 2018, 1808.05712.

[19]  Aleksandar Dimovski,et al.  Vehicle-to-grid system used to regulate the frequency of a microgrid , 2017, IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies.

[20]  Pavol Bauer,et al.  An aggregate model of plug-in electric vehicles including distribution network characteristics for primary frequency control , 2016, 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM).

[21]  Issarachai Ngamroo,et al.  PHEVs Bidirectional Charging/Discharging and SoC Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Using Multiple MPC , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[22]  Bowen Zhou,et al.  The Impact of Vehicle-to-Grid on Electric Power Systems: A Review , 2013 .

[23]  Muhammad Aziz,et al.  Extended utilization of electric vehicles in electrical grid services , 2017, 2017 4th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT).

[24]  Canbing Li,et al.  EV Dispatch Control for Supplementary Frequency Regulation Considering the Expectation of EV Owners , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[25]  P. T. Krein,et al.  Review of the Impact of Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies on Distribution Systems and Utility Interfaces , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[26]  Ai Xin,et al.  Aggregated Electric Vehicle-to-Grid for Primary Frequency Control in a Microgrid- A Review , 2018, 2018 IEEE 2nd International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC).

[27]  Kuljeet Kaur,et al.  Multiobjective Optimization for Frequency Support Using Electric Vehicles: An Aggregator-Based Hierarchical Control Mechanism , 2019, IEEE Systems Journal.