Biofabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed by Solanum surattense: Characterization and Evaluation of their Antiepileptic and Cytotoxic Activities

The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is a new method that can be used in various biomedical applications. Therefore, the green approach was an aspect of ongoing research for the synthesis titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) using the Solanum surattense aqueous plant extract, which acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesis of TiO2 NPs was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) analyses. The excitation energy to synthesize TiO2 NPs was identified through the UV–vis spectrophotometric analysis at a wavelength of 244 nm. Further, the FT-IR spectroscopy visualized different biomolecules like OH, C=O, C–H, and C–O that were present in an aqueous extract of the plant and were responsible for the stabilization of TiO2 NPs. The crystallinity and phase purity of TiO2 NPs were illustrated by the sharp peaks of the XRD pattern. The spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 10 to 80 nm was examined using SEM images. The elemental composition of TiO2 NPs was revealed by the intensity and narrow widths of titanium and oxygen using EDX analysis. This report also explains the antiepileptic activity of TiO2 NPs in a maximal electroshock-induced epileptic (MESE) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model. The synthesized TiO2 NPs showed maximum antiepileptic activity in the PTZ model, significantly decreasing the convulsions (65.0 ± 5.50 s) at 180 mg/kg in contrast to standard drug phenytoin, whereas the MESE model was characterized by the appearance of extensor, clonus, and flexion. The results showed that synthesized TiO2 NPs significantly reduced the time spent in each stage (15.3 ± 0.20, 16.8 ± 0.25, and 20.5 ± 0.14 s) at 180 mg/kg as compared to control groups. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of synthesized produced TiO2 NPs demonstrated that concentrations ≤80 μg/mL were biologically compatible.