19 Early history of multiple comparison tests

Publisher Summary The problem of multiple comparisons is that of comparing statistical measures (means, proportions, etc.) of the properties or effects of the pairs of the levels of a factor (varieties, treatments, locations, etc.). If there are only two levels of the factor, a comparison of the values of the measure of interest for the two levels is quite simple and straightforward and statistical tests of the significance of the difference between two means, two proportions, two variances, etc., are well known. Then the question arises as to the way to take an account of the number of levels and the rank in the group of the two levels singled out for attention with regard to the measure of interest. The relevance of this ranking in testing the significance of the difference between two levels or between one level and the average for all of the levels has long been recognized. The ten years immediately following the close of World War II saw a great increase in interest in multiple comparisons, especially in the United States. The chapter discusses the early history of multiple comparison tests.

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