Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsies are discussed with special consideration of epidemiology and classification, progress in neuroimaging, electrophysiological studies using EEG and MEG, initiation of medical and surgical treatment, the role of new antiepileptic drugs and selected aspects of genetics of ideopathic epilepsies. In addition from conclusions obtained by the review of recent developments suggestions for future work in Europe are discussed. A constructive approach from multicenter studies requires homologous definitions, documentations and standardization of procedures of trials for Euorpean multicenter studies.

[1]  J. Brihaye,et al.  Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery , 2003, Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery.

[2]  J. Zentner,et al.  Surgical treatment of epilepsies. , 2002, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

[3]  C. Ferrie.  Intractable Focal Epilepsy , 2001 .

[4]  H. Lüders,et al.  Proposal for a New Classification of Outcome with Respect to Epileptic Seizures Following Epilepsy Surgery , 2001 .

[5]  P. Ravussin,et al.  Anesthésie pour la chirurgie de l'épilepsie , 2001 .

[6]  W T Blume,et al.  Proposal for a New Classification of Outcome with Respect to Epileptic Seizures Following Epilepsy Surgery , 2001, Epilepsia.

[7]  L. Lamki,et al.  Clinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) , 2001 .

[8]  J. Villemure,et al.  [Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery]. , 2001, Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation.

[9]  Anne T. Berg,et al.  Epidemiology in Epilepsy. , 2001, Epilepsy currents.

[10]  D G Gadian,et al.  The reorganization of sensorimotor function in children after hemispherectomy. A functional MRI and somatosensory evoked potential study. , 2000, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[11]  Stéphanie Baulac,et al.  Mutations of SCN1A, encoding a neuronal sodium channel, in two families with GEFS+2 , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[12]  C. D. Binnie,et al.  Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a review , 2000, Seizure.

[13]  G Lindinger,et al.  Neuromagnetic recordings in temporal lobe epilepsy. , 2000, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[14]  O Ganslandt,et al.  Magnetoencephalography in extratemporal epilepsy. , 2000, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[15]  L. Wilkins.  Visual field constriction in children treated with vigabatrin , 2000, Neurology.

[16]  C. Binnie,et al.  Pre‐surgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery – European Standards , 2000, European journal of neurology.

[17]  J. Régis,et al.  Gamma Knife Surgery for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy , 1999, Epilepsia.

[18]  J. Duncan.  14 – The Epilepsies , 2000 .

[19]  J. Engel.  Overview of functional neuroimaging in epilepsy. , 2000, Advances in neurology.

[20]  E. Gose,et al.  Temperature Distribution Produced in Brain Tissue and Other Media by a Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Generator , 2000, Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.

[21]  J. Régis,et al.  Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Epilepsy Associated with Cavernous Hemangiomas: A Retrospective Study of 49 Cases , 1999, Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.

[22]  R S Fisher,et al.  Reassessment: Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy , 1999, Neurology.

[23]  J. Partanen,et al.  Vigabatrin, a gabaergic antiepileptic drug, causes concentric visual field defects , 1999, Neurology.

[24]  M R Symms,et al.  EEG-triggered functional MRI of interictal epileptiform activity in patients with partial seizures. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[25]  S S Kollias,et al.  Intraoperative validation of functional magnetic resonance imaging and cortical reorganization patterns in patients with brain tumors involving the primary motor cortex. , 1999, Journal of neurosurgery.

[26]  U Ruotsalainen,et al.  [18F]FDG‐PET and Whole‐Scalp MEG Localization of Epileptogenic Cortex , 1999, Epilepsia.

[27]  Joshua R. Smith,et al.  A Comparison of Magnetoencephalography, MRI, and V‐EEG in Patients Evaluated for Epilepsy Surgery , 1999, Epilepsia.

[28]  E. Boltshauser,et al.  Visual field constriction is not limited to children treated with vigabatrin. , 1999, Neuropediatrics.

[29]  Frederick Andermann,et al.  Neuroimaging evidence of progressive neuronal loss and dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy , 1999, Annals of neurology.

[30]  S. Vanhatalo,et al.  Visual field constriction in children treated with vigabatrin , 1999, Neurology.

[31]  J. Régis,et al.  Radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia and epilepsy. , 1999, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[32]  J S Duncan,et al.  Short echo time single‐voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in magnetic resonance imaging–negative temporal lobe epilepsy: Different biochemical profile compared with hippocampal sclerosis , 1999, Annals of neurology.

[33]  Veikko Jousmäki,et al.  Magnetoencephalography in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with the Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome , 1999, Epilepsia.

[34]  F. Gilliam,et al.  The New Generation of Antiepileptic Drugs: Unresolved Questions , 1998, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[35]  M. Baulac,et al.  Severe visual-field constriction and side-effects of GABA-mimetic antiepileptic agents , 1998, The Lancet.

[36]  Samuel F. Berkovic,et al.  Febrile seizures and generalized epilepsy associated with a mutation in the Na+-channel ß1 subunit gene SCN1B , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[37]  H. Stefan,et al.  Postoperative multichannel magnetoencephalography in patients with recurrent seizures after epilepsy surgery , 1998, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[38]  B. Weber,et al.  Monoamine oxidase B single-photon emission tomography with [123I]Ro 43-0463: imaging in volunteers and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy , 1998, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[39]  G. Krauss,et al.  Vigabatrin-associated retinal cone system dysfunction , 1998, Neurology.

[40]  W. Hauser,et al.  Risk of recurrent seizures after two unprovoked seizures. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[41]  A. Klistorner,et al.  Severe persistent visual field constriction associated with vigabatrin. Asymptomatic as well as symptomatic defects occur with vigabatrin. , 1998, BMJ.

[42]  G. Harding.  Severe persistent visual field constriction associated with vigabatrin , 1998, BMJ.

[43]  S. Berkovic,et al.  A potassium channel mutation in neonatal human epilepsy. , 1998, Science.

[44]  Mark Leppert,et al.  A novel potassium channel gene, KCNQ2, is mutated in an inherited epilepsy of newborns , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[45]  H. Stefan,et al.  Successful treatment of focal epilepsy by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. , 1998, European neurology.

[46]  Robin J. Leach,et al.  A pore mutation in a novel KQT-like potassium channel gene in an idiopathic epilepsy family , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[47]  E. Beghi,et al.  Treatment of first tonic-clonic seizure does not improve the prognosis of epilepsy , 1997, Neurology.

[48]  I. Scheffer,et al.  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: Demonstration of focal frontal onset and intrafamilial variation , 1997, Neurology.

[49]  M. Symms,et al.  Diffusion changes in status epilepticus , 1997, The Lancet.

[50]  D Bertrand,et al.  An insertion mutation of the CHRNA4 gene in a family with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. , 1997, Human molecular genetics.

[51]  E. Perucca.  Pharmacologic Advantages of Antiepileptic Drug Monotherapy , 1997 .

[52]  J S Ebersole,et al.  Magnetoencephalography/Magnetic Source Imaging in the Assessment of Patients with Epilepsy , 1997, Epilepsia.

[53]  S Shinnar,et al.  Do seizures beget seizures? An assessment of the clinical evidence in humans. , 1997, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[54]  G. Fein,et al.  Temporal lobe epilepsy: bilateral hippocampal metabolite changes revealed at proton MR spectroscopic imaging. , 1997, Radiology.

[55]  J. Elferink,et al.  New antiepileptic drugs. Analysis based on number needed to treat shows differences between drugs studied. , 1997, BMJ.

[56]  P. Uldall,et al.  The Challenges of Epilepsy in Children , 1997 .

[57]  A. Buck,et al.  The Anterior and Posterior Selective Temporal Lobe Amobarbital Tests: Angiographic, Clinical, Electroencephalographic, PET, SPECT Findings, and Memory Performance , 1997, Brain and Cognition.

[58]  M. Brodie,et al.  Lamotrigine substitution study: evidence for synergism with sodium valproate? , 1997, Epilepsy Research.

[59]  T. Glauser,et al.  Lamotrigine Adjunctive Therapy in Childhood Epileptic Encephalopathy (the Lennox Gastaut Syndrome) , 1997, Epilepsia.

[60]  V. Biton.  Preliminary Open‐Label Experience with Topiramate in Primary Generalized Seizures , 1997, Epilepsia.

[61]  F Andermann,et al.  Human Epileptogenesis and Hypothalamic Hamartomas: New Lessons from an Experiment of Nature , 1997, Epilepsia.

[62]  A. Marson,et al.  New antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability , 1996, BMJ.

[63]  B. Weber,et al.  Human hippocampus establishes associations in memory , 1997, Hippocampus.

[64]  R. Mattson,et al.  Human brain GABA levels rise rapidly after initiation of vigabatrin therapy , 1996, Neurology.

[65]  D. Chadwick,et al.  A survey comparing lamotrigine and vigabatrin in everyday clinical practice , 1996, Seizure.

[66]  O. Steinlein,et al.  An amino acid exchange in the second transmembrane segment of a neuronal nicotinic receptor causes partial epilepsy by altering its desensitization kinetics , 1996, FEBS letters.

[67]  D. Chadwick,et al.  Gabapentin in generalized seizures , 1996, Epilepsy Research.

[68]  G. Regesta,et al.  Vigabatrin vs. carbamazepine monotherapy in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: a randomized response conditional cross-over study , 1996, Epilepsy Research.

[69]  U. Gabbay,et al.  Early treatment of a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure to prevent recurrence. , 1996, Archives of neurology.

[70]  L. Ferini-Strambi,et al.  Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Electroclinical Picture , 1996, Epilepsia.

[71]  A. Berg,et al.  Does Antiepileptic Drug Therapy Prevent the Development of “Chronic” Epilepsy? , 1996, Epilepsia.

[72]  J. Aicardi,et al.  Vigabatrin as Initial Therapy for Infantile Spasms: A European Retrospective Survey , 1996, Epilepsia.

[73]  N. Buchanan,et al.  The use of lamotrigine in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy , 1996, Seizure.

[74]  M. Dam,et al.  A randomised open multicentre comparative trial of lamotrigine and carbamazepine as monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent epilepsy , 1996, Epilepsy Research.

[75]  E. Novotny,et al.  Predictors of Intractable Epilepsy in Childhood: A Case‐Control Study , 1996, Epilepsia.

[76]  C. Camfield,et al.  Does the number of seizures before treatment influence ease of control or remission of childhood epilepsy? Not if the number is 10 or less , 1996, Neurology.

[77]  R. Birgander,et al.  p53 polymorphisms and haplotypes show distinct differences between major ethnic groups. , 1996, Human heredity.

[78]  Neil Buchanan.  Lamotrigine in the treatment of absence seizures , 1995, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[79]  I. Scheffer,et al.  A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy , 1995, Nature Genetics.

[80]  P. Riekkinen,et al.  Vigabatrin vs carbamazepine monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. A randomized, controlled study. , 1995, Archives of neurology.

[81]  J. Meyer,et al.  Functional brain imaging. , 1995, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[82]  Y. M. Hart,et al.  Remission of epilepsy: results from the National General Practice Study of Epilepsy , 1995, The Lancet.

[83]  I. Scheffer,et al.  Localization of a gene for autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy to chromosome 20q13.2 , 1995, Nature Genetics.

[84]  W. Hauser,et al.  Incidence of Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935‐1984 , 1995, Epilepsia.

[85]  M. Brodie,et al.  Double-blind comparison of lamotrigine and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy , 1995, The Lancet.

[86]  J. Engel,et al.  Outcome assessment for epilepsy surgery: The impact of measuring health‐related quality of life , 1995, Annals of neurology.

[87]  T. Feuerstein,et al.  Long-term safety and efficacy of gabapentin (neurontin) as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures , 1995 .

[88]  E. Beghi,et al.  The management of epilepsy in the 1990s. Acquisitions, uncertainties and priorities for future research. , 1995, Drugs.

[89]  M. Brodie,et al.  Double-blind comparison of lamotrigine and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy. UK Lamotrigine/Carbamazepine Monotherapy Trial Group. , 1995, Lancet.

[90]  H. Tsutsumi,et al.  Classification of familial neonatal convulsions , 1994, The Lancet.

[91]  I. Scheffer,et al.  Phenotypic expression of benign familial neonatal convulsions linked to chromosome 20. , 1994, Archives of neurology.

[92]  P. Jensen,et al.  Felbamate in the Treatment of Lennox‐Gastaut Syndrome , 1994, Epilepsia.

[93]  M. Feucht,et al.  γ‐Vinyl‐GABA (Vigabatrin) in the Therapy of Lennox‐Gastaut Syndrome: An Open Study , 1994, Epilepsia.

[94]  B. Wilder.  How About the New Antiepileptic Drugs? , 1994, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[95]  F. Vogel,et al.  Refinement of the localization of the gene for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) to human chromosome 20q13.2-q13.3. , 1994, Genomics.

[96]  B. Pohlmann-Eden,et al.  Diagnostische und prognostische Implikationen des ersten epileptischen Anfalls im Erwachsenenalter , 1994 .

[97]  D. Gadian,et al.  Functional magnetic resonance imaging of focal seizures , 1994, Neurology.

[98]  W. Sutherling,et al.  Quality of Life of Epilepsy Surgery Patients as Compared with Outpatients with Hypertension, Diabetes, Heart Disease, and/or Depressive Symptoms , 1994, Epilepsia.

[99]  R R Edelman,et al.  Hyperperfusion of ictal seizure focus demonstrated by MR perfusion imaging. , 1994, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[100]  Josemir W Sander,et al.  The characteristics of epilepsy in a largely untreated population in rural Ecuador. , 1994, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[101]  C. Marsden,et al.  Autosomal dominant frontal epilepsy misdiagnosed as sleep disorder , 1994, The Lancet.

[102]  Josemir W Sander,et al.  Should single epileptic seizures be treated? , 1994, European neurology.

[103]  G. Bydder,et al.  Magnetic Resonance Scanning and Epilepsy , 1994, NATO ASI Series.

[104]  K. Farrell.  Classifying epileptic syndromes: problems and a neurobiologic solution. , 1993, Neurology.

[105]  P. O'Connell,et al.  Genetic heterogeneity in benign familial neonatal convulsions: identification of a new locus on chromosome 8q. , 1993, American journal of human genetics.

[106]  M. Sillanpää.  Remission of Seizures and Predictors of Intractability in Long‐Term Follow‐Up , 1993, Epilepsia.

[107]  S Noachtar,et al.  Expanding the International Classification of Seizures to provide localization information , 1993, Neurology.

[108]  T. Keränen,et al.  Remission of seizures in untreated epilepsy. , 1993, BMJ.

[109]  K. Goa,et al.  Lamotrigine. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. , 1993, Drugs.

[110]  M. Leppert,et al.  Seizure characteristics in chromosome 20 benign familial neonatal convulsions , 1993, Neurology.

[111]  C. Camfield,et al.  Outcome of childhood epilepsy: a population-based study with a simple predictive scoring system for those treated with medication. , 1993, The Journal of pediatrics.

[112]  First Seizure.  Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in reducing the risk of relapse after a first unprovoked tonic‐clonic seizure , 1993, Neurology.

[113]  J. Sackellares,et al.  Efficacy of felbamate in childhood epileptic encephalopathy (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome). , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[114]  E. Oka,et al.  Classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes of childhood according to the 1989 ILAE classification , 1993 .

[115]  Jerome Engel,et al.  Surgical treatment of the epilepsies , 1993 .

[116]  Jerome Engel,et al.  Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures. , 1993 .

[117]  T. Scott.  Neurosarcoidosis , 1993, Neurology.

[118]  John W. Miller,et al.  Epilepsy surgery. , 1993, Neurologic clinics.

[119]  K Abraham-Fuchs,et al.  Ictal and Interictal Activity in Partial Epilepsy Recorded with Multichannel Magnetoelectroencephalography: Correlation of Electroencephalography/Electrocorticography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, and Positron Emission Tomography Findings , 1992, Epilepsia.

[120]  M. Elder,et al.  Diazepam and its effects on visual fields. , 1992, Australian and New Zealand journal of ophthalmology.

[121]  M Manford,et al.  The National General Practice Study of Epilepsy. The syndromic classification of the International League Against Epilepsy applied to epilepsy in a general population. , 1992, Archives of neurology.

[122]  A. Watts.  The Natural History of Untreated Epilepsy in a Rural Community in Africa , 1992, Epilepsia.

[123]  Laurie Vande Krol.  The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: A quantitative review , 1992 .

[124]  D. Labar,et al.  Aphasia as the Sole Manifestation of Simple Partial Status Epilepticus , 1992, Epilepsia.

[125]  P. Whiting,et al.  Structural and pharmacological characterization of the major brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype stably expressed in mouse fibroblasts. , 1991, Molecular pharmacology.

[126]  A. Berg,et al.  The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure , 1991, Neurology.

[127]  P. Loiseau,et al.  Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in Two Different Samples of Patients , 1991, Epilepsia.

[128]  M. Apuzzo.  Neurosurgical aspects of epilepsy , 1991 .

[129]  L. Oller-Daurella,et al.  Influence of the 'lost time' on the outcome of epilepsy. , 1991, European neurology.

[130]  P. Reed.  Stereotactic neurosurgery , 2017, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[131]  Y. M. Hart,et al.  National General Practice Study of Epilepsy: recurrence after a first seizure , 1990, The Lancet.

[132]  M. Leppert,et al.  Benign familial neonatal convulsions linked to genetic markers on chromosome 20 , 1989, Nature.

[133]  M. Dam,et al.  Meta-analysis of European placebo controlled studies of vigabatrin in drug resistant epilepsy. , 1989, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[134]  Josemir W Sander,et al.  National General Practice Study of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures: Objectives and Study Methodology of the Largest Reported Prospective Cohort Study of Epilepsy , 1989, Neuroepidemiology.

[135]  E. Beghi,et al.  Classifications of Epileptic Syndromes: Advantages and Limitations for Evaluation of Childhood Epileptic Syndromes in Clinical Practice , 1988, Epilepsia.

[136]  H. Kuck,et al.  [Visual disorders caused by diphenylhydantoin: clinical and electro-ophthalmologic findings]. , 1988, Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde.

[137]  H. Kuck,et al.  Visuelle Strungen durch Diphenylhydantoin: Klinische und elektroophthalmologische Befunde* , 1988 .

[138]  E. Reynolds,et al.  The early treatment and prognosis of epilepsy. , 1987, The Yale journal of biology and medicine.

[139]  C. Elger,et al.  Presurgical evaluation of epileptics : basics, techniques, implications , 1987 .

[140]  C. Elger,et al.  Presurgical Evaluation of Epileptics , 1987, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[141]  P. Morselli,et al.  Intractable epilepsy : experimental and clinical aspects , 1986 .

[142]  E. H. Reynolds,et al.  PROGNOSIS AFTER A FIRST UNTREATED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE , 1985, The Lancet.

[143]  D. Goodridge,et al.  Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. II: Treatment and prognosis. , 1983, British medical journal.

[144]  H G Wieser,et al.  Selective amygdalohippocampectomy as a surgical treatment of mesiobasal limbic epilepsy. , 1982, Surgical neurology.

[145]  T. Ōkuma,et al.  Natural History and Prognosis of Epilepsy: Report of a Multi‐institutional Study in Japan , 1981, Epilepsia.

[146]  J. Vézina,et al.  [Functional surgery of epilepsy]. , 1976, L'union medicale du Canada.

[147]  D. Mackay.  The mystery of the mind W. Penfield, with discussions by Dr.W. Feindel, Prof. C. Hendel and SirC. Symonds Princeton University Press, New Jersey (1975). 156 pp., £4.60 , 1976, Neuroscience.

[148]  ABSENCE SEIZURES , 1975, The Lancet.

[149]  W. Hauser,et al.  The Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 Through 1967 , 1975, Epilepsia.

[150]  J. V. Van Buren,et al.  Surgery of temporal lobe epilepsy. , 1975, Advances in neurology.

[151]  F. Morrell,et al.  A new surgical technique for the treatment of focal cortical epilepsy. , 1969, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[152]  S Watkins,et al.  The epilepsies. , 1968, Nursing times.

[153]  H. Steinmann.  [Surgical treatment of epilepsy]. , 1962, Die Medizinische Welt.

[154]  H. Hunter.  The treatment of epilepsy. , 1948 .

[155]  A. Finlayson.  Neurosurgical aspects of epilepsy. , 1948, The Nebraska state medical journal.

[156]  Epilepsy and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases , 1882, Edinburgh Medical Journal.