On Direct Diffusion Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy efficiency is an important issue in the design of communication protocols in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) architecture. Direct Diffusion (DD) is a routing protocol, which enables communication between sink and source nodes in random and mesh topology networks. This routing protocol is based on a data-centric approach, where intermediate nodes can aggregate data and send it to a sink node. Researchers have successfully applied DD utilizing Passive Clustering (PC), in order to improve the energy efficiency. In such approach, the network is divided into small clusters and the DD protocol is implemented at the application layer, ensuring reduced energy cost, improved delay and data delivery rate. This paper presents the results of an investigation of Direct Diffusion Routing Algorithm (DDRA) for WSNs. This routing algorithm involves DD using PC and a clustering selection scheme, considering network topology and energy level of nodes. The main objective is to create clusters that would improve energy efficiency and reduce delay. It was determined by simulation that the DDRA structure has the capability of improving delay and delivery rate in a fixed size scenario, therefore this approach can be a useful simulation tool for such environments and potentially lead to improved network performance.

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