Congestion Detection and Avoidance based Transport Layer Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Congestion can occur in wireless sensor networks when multiple sensor nodes try to transmit data. The sensor nodes closer to sink are more liable to congestion as they generally carry large upstream traffic. Congestion leads to higher packet loss, increased packet delay, less energy efficiency and poor throughput. Thus, congestion control is an important aspect that should be considered while designing transport layer protocols. In this paper, we first describe the basics of wireless sensor networks and their architecture. Then we elaborate the aspects of congestion control. Then we present various transport layer protocols which provide congestion control and then a comparison of these protocols is given on the basis of various parameters viz. congestion detection, congestion notification, congestion mitigation, hbh/e2e, fairness, energy efficiency, simulation/testbed, network topology, number of sensor nodes, buffer size, packet size, radio transmission range, coverage area, channel bit rate, initial transmission rate, simulation time, energy, fairness, latency, queue size, throughput, source rate, packet drop and fidelity . At the end, we present open research issues in congestion control protocols for wireless sensor networks.

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