N-ZERO direct conversion wireless sensor based on six-port structures

A class of near to zero power (N-Zero) microwave sensor architecture is presented based on the direct conversion principle to eliminate data processing and provide ultra-low-power sensor nodes. Using a six-port circuit as the modulator, the sensing data are up-converted directly to a microwave frequency and sent by an antenna. In this circuit, there are one input, one output, and four loading ports. The same capacitive resonator are used as loads but two of them sense variation of the sample under test in a sensing area and the others are in the free space as references. At the receiver, a six-port circuit is used to down-convert and extract the sensing data. As an example for validation, a system of wireless sensing is fabricated at 2.45 GHz and the test results are presented for various samples.

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