ALL-1 is a histone methyltransferase that assembles a supercomplex of proteins involved in transcriptional regulation.

ALL-1 is a member of the human trithorax/Polycomb gene family and is also involved in acute leukemia. ALL-1 is present within a stable, very large multiprotein supercomplex composed of > or =29 proteins. The majority of the latter are components of the human transcription complexes TFIID (including TBP), SWI/SNF, NuRD, hSNF2H, and Sin3A. Other components are involved in RNA processing or in histone methylation. The complex remodels, acetylates, deacetylates, and methylates nucleosomes and/or free histones. The complex's H3-K4 methylation activity is conferred by the ALL-1 SET domain. Chromatin immunoprecipitations show that ALL-1 and other complex components examined are bound at the promoter of an active ALL-1-dependent Hox a9 gene. In parallel, H3-K4 is methylated, and histones H3 and H4 are acetylated at this promoter.

[1]  S. Elgin,et al.  Epigenetic Codes for Heterochromatin Formation and Silencing Rounding up the Usual Suspects , 2002, Cell.

[2]  C. Allis,et al.  Correlation Between Histone Lysine Methylation and Developmental Changes at the Chicken β-Globin Locus , 2001, Science.

[3]  H. Alder,et al.  The t(4;11) chromosome translocation of human acute leukemias fuses the ALL-1 gene, related to Drosophila trithorax, to the AF-4 gene , 1992, Cell.

[4]  J. Dantonel,et al.  Transcription factor TFIID recruits factor CPSF for formation of 3′ end of mRNA , 1997, Nature.

[5]  C. Allis,et al.  Cell cycle-regulated histone acetylation required for expression of the yeast HO gene. , 1999, Genes & development.

[6]  Lei Zeng,et al.  Structure and ligand of a histone acetyltransferase bromodomain , 1999, Nature.

[7]  C. Allis,et al.  Translating the Histone Code , 2001, Science.

[8]  R. D. Hanson,et al.  Mammalian Trithorax and polycomb-group homologues are antagonistic regulators of homeotic development. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  R. Shiekhattar,et al.  A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes , 2002, Nature.

[10]  Nevan J. Krogan,et al.  COMPASS: A complex of proteins associated with a trithorax-related SET domain protein , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  C. Croce,et al.  Self-fusion of the ALL1 gene. A new genetic mechanism for acute leukemia. , 1995, JAMA.

[12]  F. Melchior Ran GTPase cycle: One mechanism — two functions , 2001, Current Biology.

[13]  C. Croce,et al.  Trithorax and dCBP Acting in a Complex to Maintain Expression of a Homeotic Gene , 2001, Science.

[14]  V. Orlando,et al.  General transcription factors bind promoters repressed by Polycomb group proteins , 2001, Nature.

[15]  T. Freund,et al.  GABA-containing neurons in the septum control inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus , 1988, Nature.

[16]  R. Paro,et al.  Binding of Trithorax and Polycomb proteins to the bithorax complex: dynamic changes during early Drosophila embryogenesis , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[17]  Y. Nakamura,et al.  Cloning and mapping of SMARCA5 encoding hSNF2H, a novel human homologue of Drosophila ISWI , 1998, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[18]  P. Nowell,et al.  Molecular genetics of 11q23 chromosome translocations. , 1995, Advances in cancer research.

[19]  R. Tjian,et al.  Orchestrated response: a symphony of transcription factors for gene control. , 2000, Genes & development.

[20]  Paul A. Khavari,et al.  BRG1 contains a conserved domain of the SWI2/SNF2 family necessary for normal mitotic growth and transcription , 1993, Nature.

[21]  R. Kingston,et al.  Purification and characterization of mSin3A-containing Brg1 and hBrm chromatin remodeling complexes. , 2001, Genes & development.

[22]  M. Fujioka,et al.  Trithorax- and Polycomb-Group Response Elements within an Ultrabithorax Transcription Maintenance Unit Consist of Closely Situated but Separable Sequences , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[23]  Jing Zhao,et al.  Formation of mRNA 3′ Ends in Eukaryotes: Mechanism, Regulation, and Interrelationships with Other Steps in mRNA Synthesis , 1999, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[24]  Rein Aasland,et al.  The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Set1 complex includes an Ash2 homologue and methylates histone 3 lysine 4 , 2001, The EMBO journal.

[25]  R. Kingston,et al.  A Drosophila Polycomb group complex includes Zeste and dTAFII proteins , 2001, Nature.

[26]  M. Yaniv,et al.  Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI‐SNF complex. , 1996, The EMBO journal.

[27]  L. Ercolani,et al.  Isolation and complete sequence of a functional human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[28]  A. Furger,et al.  Integrating mRNA Processing with Transcription , 2002, Cell.

[29]  Andrew J. Bannister,et al.  The TAFII250 Subunit of TFIID Has Histone Acetyltransferase Activity , 1996, Cell.

[30]  Brian D. Strahl,et al.  Role of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation in Epigenetic Control of Heterochromatin Assembly , 2001, Science.

[31]  R. Roeder,et al.  Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. , 1983, Nucleic acids research.

[32]  J. Simon,et al.  Programming off and on states in chromatin: mechanisms of Polycomb and trithorax group complexes. , 2002, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[33]  J. Manley,et al.  Complex Protein Interactions within the Human Polyadenylation Machinery Identify a Novel Component , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[34]  C. Allis,et al.  Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 is highly conserved and correlates with transcriptionally active nuclei in Tetrahymena. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  T. Tuschl,et al.  Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells , 2001, Nature.

[36]  C. Yip,et al.  Quaternary structure of the insulin-insulin receptor complex. , 1999, Science.

[37]  A. C. Chinault,et al.  Differentially methylated forms of histone H3 show unique association patterns with inactive human X chromosomes , 2002, Nature Genetics.

[38]  J. Workman,et al.  Promoter targeting and chromatin remodeling by the SWI/SNF complex. , 2000, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[39]  K. Nasmyth,et al.  Ordered Recruitment of Transcription and Chromatin Remodeling Factors to a Cell Cycle– and Developmentally Regulated Promoter , 2016, Cell.

[40]  Dimitris Thanos,et al.  Ordered Recruitment of Chromatin Modifying and General Transcription Factors to the IFN-β Promoter , 2000, Cell.

[41]  J. Davie,et al.  Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation is mediated by Set1 and required for cell growth and rDNA silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 2001, Genes & development.

[42]  T. Mahmoudi,et al.  Chromatin silencing and activation by Polycomb and trithorax group proteins , 2001, Oncogene.

[43]  J. Ahringer NuRD and SIN3 histone deacetylase complexes in development. , 2000, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[44]  C. Ponting,et al.  Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases , 2000, Nature.

[45]  J. Lauber,et al.  An evolutionarily conserved U5 snRNP‐specific protein is a GTP‐binding factor closely related to the ribosomal translocase EF‐2 , 1997, EMBO Journal.

[46]  C. Allis,et al.  The language of covalent histone modifications , 2000, Nature.

[47]  Ken-ichi Noma,et al.  Transitions in Distinct Histone H3 Methylation Patterns at the Heterochromatin Domain Boundaries , 2001, Science.

[48]  S. Korsmeyer,et al.  MLL and CREB Bind Cooperatively to the Nuclear Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein , 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[49]  B M Turner,et al.  Histone acetylation and an epigenetic code. , 2000, BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.

[50]  Andrew J. Bannister,et al.  Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain , 2001, Nature.

[51]  G. Orphanides,et al.  Requirement of RSF and FACT for transcription of chromatin templates in vitro. , 1998, Science.

[52]  F. Dilworth,et al.  Nuclear receptors coordinate the activities of chromatin remodeling complexes and coactivators to facilitate initiation of transcription , 2001, Oncogene.

[53]  R. Kornberg,et al.  A trithorax-group complex purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for methylation of histone H3 , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[54]  M. Cleary,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis mediated by MLL fusion proteins , 2001, Oncogene.

[55]  Hengbin Wang,et al.  Purification and functional characterization of a histone H3-lysine 4-specific methyltransferase. , 2001, Molecular cell.

[56]  Michael L. Cleary,et al.  Involvement of a homolog of Drosophila trithorax by 11q23 chromosomal translocations in acute leukemias , 1992, Cell.

[57]  R. Kingston,et al.  Cooperation between Complexes that Regulate Chromatin Structure and Transcription , 2002, Cell.

[58]  C. Caldas,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a Pufferfish MLL (Mixed lineage leukemia)-like gene (fMll) reveals evolutionary conservation in vertebrate genes related to Drosophila trithorax , 1998, Oncogene.

[59]  D. Reinberg,et al.  Set9, a novel histone H3 methyltransferase that facilitates transcription by precluding histone tail modifications required for heterochromatin formation. , 2002, Genes & development.

[60]  R. Tjian,et al.  Structure and function of a human TAFII250 double bromodomain module. , 2000, Science.

[61]  Karl Mechtler,et al.  Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins , 2001, Nature.