Motivation Profile of Youth Greco-Roman Wrestlers; Differences According to Performance Quality

Athletes have to possess high motivation levels to perform each training session and competition at the highest level. Thus, the motivation of the wrestler is essential to reach the highest performance quality. The research included 47 Greco-Roman wrestlers aged 17.71 ± 1.62 years. Variables included anthropometric indices, sports motivation assessed by the revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II), and competitive success (medal winners and non-winners at the National Championship). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients checked the internal consistency of the SMS-II. Differences between performance quality were determined by Cohen’s d effect sizes, and MANOVA for motivation and anthropometric variables/body build variables. In the total sample, wrestlers had high levels of intrinsic motivation (5.97 ± 0.90), integrated (5.99 ± 0.83), and identified (6.08 ± 0.82) regulation, while they had low amotivation (2.53 ± 0.98) and external regulation (3.26 ± 1.24). Successful wrestlers had significantly higher intrinsic motivation than less successful wrestlers (Cohen’s d = 0.76, moderate effect size). Results evidenced that wrestlers have high self-determined motivation, which is vital for maximal performance and persisting in sports. Future research should investigate wrestlers from other age groups to ultimately determine the sport motivation profile of wrestlers and enable their optimal sports development.

[1]  M. Cole,et al.  A Multidisciplinary Investigation into the Talent Development Processes in an English Premiership Rugby Union Academy: A Preliminary Study through an Ecological Lens , 2022, Sports.

[2]  L. Pelletier,et al.  Adaptation and Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Sports Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II-P) Showing Invariance for Gender and Sport Type , 2021, Perceptual and motor skills.

[3]  J. Sadowski,et al.  Identification of success factors in elite wrestlers—An exploratory study , 2021, PloS one.

[4]  M. Lochbaum,et al.  The Profile of Moods States and Athletic Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies , 2021, European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education.

[5]  Rosendo Berenguí,et al.  Psychological dimension in the formation process of the Spanish Olympic wrestler , 2020 .

[6]  R. Ryan,et al.  Self‐Determination Theory in Sport and Exercise , 2020 .

[7]  R. Page,et al.  The Relationship Between the Models of Sport Commitment and Self-Determination among Adolescent Athletes , 2019, Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae.

[8]  D. Monteiro,et al.  Effects of a Motivational Climate on Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Motivation and Commitment in Teen Handball Players , 2019, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[9]  Jeanette M. López-Walle,et al.  Autonomous Motivation as a Mediator Between an Empowering Climate and Enjoyment in Male Volleyball Players , 2019, Sports.

[10]  P. Gentil,et al.  Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Measures of Young Brazilian Judo and Wrestling Athletes and Its Relations to Cardiorespiratory Fitness , 2019, Sports.

[11]  N. Konttinen,et al.  Individual Motivations, Motivational Climate, Enjoyment, and Physical Competence Perceptions in Finnish Team Sport Athletes: A Prospective and Retrospective Study , 2018, Sports.

[12]  D. Monteiro,et al.  Perceived Effort in Football Athletes: The Role of Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory , 2018, Front. Psychol..

[13]  M. Herring,et al.  Associations Between Motivation and Mental Health in Sport: A Test of the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation , 2018, Front. Psychol..

[14]  P. Vig,et al.  Age-Related Differences in Motivational Climate and Extrinsic-Intrinsic Motivational Factors among Members of the Hungarian National Wrestling Teams , 2017 .

[15]  Samuel David Grácio Pedro,et al.  Motivational Regulations and Recovery in Olympic Wrestlers , 2017 .

[16]  İhsan Sarı,et al.  The Relationship between Perceived Coaching Behaviours, Motivation and Self-Efficacy in Wrestlers , 2017, Journal of human kinetics.

[17]  V. Issurin.  Evidence-Based Prerequisites and Precursors of Athletic Talent: A Review , 2017, Sports Medicine.

[18]  E. Franchini,et al.  Physical and Physiological Attributes of Wrestlers: An Update , 2017, Journal of strength and conditioning research.

[19]  M. Keshtidar,et al.  Prediction of intention to continue sport in athlete students: A self-determination theory approach , 2017, PloS one.

[20]  Murat Korkmaz,et al.  DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY, PERCEPTION OF SUCCESS AND MOTIVATION IN JUNIOR NATIONAL WRESTLING TEAM ATHLETES , 2016 .

[21]  M. Herring,et al.  A review of competitive sport motivation research , 2016 .

[22]  K. Bochaver,et al.  Psychological and psychophysiological profile in combat sports , 2016 .

[23]  B. J. Almagro,et al.  Motivational Factors in Young Spanish Athletes: A Qualitative Focus Drawing From Self-Determination Theory and Achievement Goal Perspectives , 2015 .

[24]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II) , 2013 .

[25]  W. Low,et al.  Self-Determination and Goal Orientation in Track and Field , 2012, Journal of human kinetics.

[26]  M. Izquierdo,et al.  Physical fitness factors to predict male Olympic wrestling performance , 2011, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[27]  R. Vallerand,et al.  Self-Determined Motivation and Sportsmanship Orientations: An Assessment of Their Temporal Relationship , 2010 .

[28]  R. Vallerand,et al.  Influence of coaches' autonomy support on athletes' motivation and sport performance: A test of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. , 2010 .

[29]  V. Bucik.  MOTIVATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATHLETES TRAINED BY COACHES OF DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP PROFILES , 2009 .

[30]  A. Amorose,et al.  Perceived Coaching Behaviors and College Athletes' Intrinsic Motivation: A Test of Self-Determination Theory , 2005 .

[31]  D. Gould,et al.  Psychological Characteristics and Their Development in Olympic Champions , 2002 .

[32]  M. Blais,et al.  Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) , 1995 .

[33]  C. Horswill.  Applied Physiology of Amateur Wrestling , 1992, Sports medicine.

[34]  W. Morgan,et al.  Spotting Success Traits in Olympic Contenders. , 1975, The Physician and sportsmedicine.

[35]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior , 1975, Perspectives in Social Psychology.

[36]  E. Deci,et al.  Cognitive Evaluation Theory , 2020, Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine.

[37]  P. Hassmén,et al.  Changes in Perceived Autonomy Support, Need Satisfaction, Motivation, and Well-Being in Young Elite Athletes , 2015 .

[38]  J. Vipene,et al.  The impact of motivation on athletic achievement: a case study of the 18th National Sports Festival, Lagos, Nigeria. , 2013 .

[39]  W. Jagiełło,et al.  Diagnostics of psychophysiological states and motivation in elite athletes. , 2011, Bratislavske lekarske listy.

[40]  Lynne M Connelly,et al.  Cronbach's alpha. , 2011, Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses.

[41]  G. Roberts,et al.  Advances in motivation in sport and exercise , 2001 .