Imaging features of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare primary liver tumor, which significantly differs from conventional HCC. This article reviews the molecular cytogenetics, pathology, imaging features, and management of this relatively rare tumor. CONCLUSION Fibrolamellar HCC predominantly occurs in young patients without underlying hepatitis or cirrhosis. Serum α-fetoproteins are not elevated in most cases, and hence imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, staging, and surveillance.

[1]  B. Taouli,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C in the absence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. , 2013, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[2]  M. Torbenson,et al.  Anterior gradient-2 is overexpressed by fibrolamellar carcinomas. , 2009, Human pathology.

[3]  S. Yokoyama,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma coexistent with a hepatocellular carcinoma of common type: Report of a case , 2004, Surgery Today.

[4]  M. D'Angelica,et al.  Outcome of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma , 2006, Cancer.

[5]  O. Matsui,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of MR imaging and histopathologic findings. , 1992, Radiology.

[6]  R. Abrams,et al.  Metastatic nonresectable fibrolamellar hepatoma: prognostic features and natural history. , 1999, American journal of clinical oncology.

[7]  P. Galle,et al.  Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis of Young Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Large German Cohort , 2012, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[8]  Won J. Lee,et al.  Scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with usual hepatocellular carcinoma based on CT-pathologic features and long-term results after curative resection. , 2009, European journal of radiology.

[9]  R. Semelka,et al.  Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma , 1995, Abdominal Imaging.

[10]  Robert E. Brown,et al.  Stemness characteristics of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: immunohistochemical analysis with comparisons to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2010, Annals of clinical and laboratory science.

[11]  C. Johnson,et al.  Imaging of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1988, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[12]  Joshi As,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1994 .

[13]  B. Carr,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic liver: CT, clinical, and pathologic findings in 39 U.S. residents. , 2002, Radiology.

[14]  D. Bradbury,et al.  High serum vitamin B12 binding capacity as a marker of the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1983, British medical journal.

[15]  K. Batts,et al.  Clinicopathologic features and survival in fibrolamellar carcinoma: comparison with conventional hepatocellular carcinoma with and without cirrhosis , 2005, Modern Pathology.

[16]  M. Dave,et al.  Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy: A Rare Presentation of Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2009 .

[17]  S. Waxman,et al.  Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: A Review with Focus on Genetics and Comparison to Other Malignant Primary Liver Tumors , 2011, Seminars in liver disease.

[18]  C. Johnson,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: stage at presentation and results of aggressive surgical management. , 1995, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[19]  D. Sheahan,et al.  Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: an immunohistochemical study of nineteen cases and a review of the literature. , 1988, Human pathology.

[20]  S. Bloom,et al.  NEUROTENSIN SECRETION BY FIBROLAMELLAR CARCINOMA OF THE LIVER , 1984, The Lancet.

[21]  B. Sangro,et al.  Radioembolization in the Treatment of Unresectable Liver Tumors: Experience Across a Range of Primary Cancers , 2012, American journal of clinical oncology.

[22]  Elmar M Merkle,et al.  Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI of the liver: part 1, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the noncirrhotic liver. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[23]  Wei Li,et al.  Radiologists' performance in the diagnosis of liver tumors with central scars by using specific CT criteria. , 2002, Radiology.

[24]  T. Pawlik,et al.  A systematic review: treatment and prognosis of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[25]  M. Omata,et al.  Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: A tumor of adolescents and young adults with distinctive clinico‐pathologic features , 1980, Cancer.

[26]  N. Kawashima,et al.  Combined fibrolamellar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma exhibiting biphenotypic antigen expression: a case report , 2005, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[27]  R Weissleder,et al.  Primary liver tumors: diagnosis by MR imaging. , 1989, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[28]  S. Humphreys,et al.  Nodular hyperplasia surrounding fibrolamellar carcinoma , 1994, Histopathology.

[29]  P. R. Ros,et al.  Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation. , 1999, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[30]  E. Merkle,et al.  Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI of the liver: part 2, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the cirrhotic liver. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[31]  Shu Liu,et al.  Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2009, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[32]  W. Luck,et al.  Transcobalamin I as a "marker" for fibrolamellar hepatoma. , 1986, Medical and pediatric oncology.

[33]  T. Ichikawa,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging and pathologic findings in 31 recent cases. , 1999, Radiology.

[34]  Manal M. Hassan,et al.  Phase II trial of systemic continuous fluorouracil and subcutaneous recombinant interferon Alfa-2b for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[35]  HCC Diagnosis with Liver-Specific MRI – Close to Histopathology , 2009, Digestive Diseases.

[36]  T. Ichikawa,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: pre- and posttherapy evaluation with CT and MR imaging. , 2000, Radiology.

[37]  F. Shipkey,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: MR appearance mimicking focal nodular hyperplasia. , 1994, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[38]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging findings in cirrhotic livers and noncirrhotic livers. , 1999, Radiology.

[39]  H. El‐Serag,et al.  Is fibrolamellar carcinoma different from hepatocellular carcinoma? A US population‐based study , 2004, Hepatology.

[40]  S. Kakar,et al.  Chromosomal changes in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma detected by array comparative genomic hybridization , 2009, Modern Pathology.

[41]  L. Plotnick,et al.  Gynecomastia as a presenting sign of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. , 1988, Pediatrics.

[42]  J. Chan,et al.  Clear cell variant of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. , 2001, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[43]  P. Pineau,et al.  Distinct chromosomal abnormality pattern in primary liver cancer of non-B, non-C patients , 2000, Oncogene.

[44]  N. Nishida,et al.  Chromosomal instability and human hepatocarcinogenesis. , 2003, Histology and histopathology.

[45]  M. Choti,et al.  Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma: data from the fibrolamellar carcinoma consortium. , 2013, Gastrointestinal cancer research : GCR.

[46]  M. Kojiro,et al.  Clinicopathological study of scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma , 2006, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[47]  T. Takashima,et al.  Fatty metamorphosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: radiologic features in 10 cases. , 1988, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[48]  R. Lieb,et al.  Population-Based Study , 2012 .

[49]  M. Torbenson.  Review of the Clinicopathologic Features of Fibrolamellar Carcinoma , 2007, Advances in anatomic pathology.

[50]  J. Klempnauer,et al.  Cytogenetic aberrations in primary and recurrent fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma detected by comparative genomic hybridization. , 2000, American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[51]  S. Meranze,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: pitfalls in nonoperative diagnosis. , 1988, Radiology.

[52]  Wei Li,et al.  Constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2010, International journal of clinical and experimental pathology.

[53]  E. Newlands,et al.  Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma responsive to platinum-based combination chemotherapy. , 1996, Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).

[54]  M. Torbenson,et al.  Survivin overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with p53 dysregulation , 2005, International journal of gastrointestinal cancer.

[55]  M. Torbenson,et al.  Mitochondrial Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Fibrolamellar Carcinomas , 2009, Modern Pathology.

[56]  M. Torbenson,et al.  Epigenetic instability is rare in fibrolamellar carcinomas but common in viral-associated hepatocellular carcinomas , 2008, Modern Pathology.

[57]  U. Tebbe,et al.  Budd-Chiari syndrome as the primary manifestation of a fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1992, Digestion.

[58]  V. Paradis,et al.  Pure and mixed fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas differ in natural history and prognosis after complete surgical resection , 2012, Cancer.

[59]  I. Kovalszky,et al.  Molecular Characteristics of Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2012, Pathology & Oncology Research.