ParaDB: a tool for paralogy mapping in vertebrate genomes

We present ParaDB (http://abi.marseille.inserm.fr/paradb/), a new database for large-scale paralogy studies in vertebrate genomes. We intended to collect all information (sequence, mapping and phylogenetic data) needed to map and detect new paralogous regions, previously defined as Paralogons. The AceDB database software was used to generate graphical objects and to organize data. General data were automatically collated from public sources (Ensembl, GadFly and RefSeq). ParaDB provides access to data derived from whole genome sequences (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster): cDNA and protein sequences, positional information, bibliographical links. In addition, we provide BLAST results for each protein sequence, InParanoid orthologs and 'In-Paralogs' data, previously established paralogy data, and, to compare vertebrates and Drosophila, orthology data.

[1]  D. Mccormick Sequence the Human Genome , 1986, Bio/Technology.

[2]  Stephen M. Mount,et al.  The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. , 2000, Science.

[3]  D. Birnbaum,et al.  MetaHox gene clusters. , 2000, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[4]  D. Birnbaum,et al.  Coparalogy: physical and functional clusterings in the human genome. , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[5]  C Kappen,et al.  Duplication of large genomic regions during the evolution of vertebrate homeobox genes. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  Dr. Susumu Ohno Evolution by Gene Duplication , 1970, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[7]  Z. Gu,et al.  Evolutionary analyses of the human genome , 2001, Nature.

[8]  Rolf Apweiler,et al.  The SWISS-PROT protein sequence database and its supplement TrEMBL in 2000 , 2000, Nucleic Acids Res..

[9]  L. Lundin,et al.  Evolution of the vertebrate genome as reflected in paralogous chromosomal regions in man and the house mouse. , 1993, Genomics.

[10]  D. Birnbaum,et al.  Homeobox gene clusters and the human paralogy map , 2001, FEBS letters.

[11]  Karsten Hokamp,et al.  Extensive genomic duplication during early chordate evolution , 2002, Nature Genetics.

[12]  Philip Lijnzaad,et al.  The Ensembl genome database project , 2002, Nucleic Acids Res..

[13]  J. Spring,et al.  Vertebrate evolution by interspecific hybridisation – are we polyploid? , 1997, FEBS letters.

[14]  K. H. Wolfe Yesterday's polyploids and the mystery of diploidization , 2001, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[15]  International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome , 2001, Nature.

[16]  A. Sidow,et al.  Gene duplications and the origins of vertebrate development. , 1994, Development (Cambridge, England). Supplement.

[17]  D. Birnbaum,et al.  Ancestrally-duplicated paraHOX gene clusters in humans. , 2000, International journal of oncology.

[18]  Mathew W. Wright,et al.  Guidelines for human gene nomenclature. , 2002, Genomics.

[19]  Christian E. V. Storm,et al.  Automatic clustering of orthologs and in-paralogs from pairwise species comparisons. , 2001, Journal of molecular biology.

[20]  V. Laudet,et al.  Euteleost fish genomes are characterized by expansion of gene families. , 2001, Genome research.

[21]  A. Force,et al.  The probability of duplicate gene preservation by subfunctionalization. , 2000, Genetics.

[22]  Donna R. Maglott,et al.  RefSeq and LocusLink: NCBI gene-centered resources , 2001, Nucleic Acids Res..