Optimal Pricing Algorithm in the Electricity Market with Battery and Accumulator and Demand–Supply Balancing

SUMMARY This paper considers the day-ahead market with batteries and accumulators to level power generation. First, we model consumers with batteries, generators with batteries, and accumulators, all of whom strive to maximize their own profit. An optimal pricing algorithm based on dual decomposition and the steepest descent method is derived and shown to be stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations which indicate that it achieves demand–supply balance. C⃝ 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 191(4): 8–18, 2015; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22698