Dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural sites of Western Greece

Abstract The dry deposition of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured at an urban (Kozani), an adjacent coastal (Vegoritis) and a continental background site (Petrana) located in the Eordea basin, western Greece. Mean dry deposition fluxes of 3917, 3346 and 5648 ng m −2 month −1 (0.13, 0.11 and 0.19 μg m −2  day −1 ) were found in Petrana, Vegoritis and Kozani, respectively. Differences among sites were attributed to their different impact from emission sources and to differences in prevailing meteorological conditions. The correlation of dry deposition fluxes with particle- and gas-phase PAH concentrations determined at the three sites during the same sampling periods was investigated. Dry deposition velocities ( V d ) were calculated by dividing deposition fluxes with the corresponding average ambient PAH concentrations. The low V d values obtained suggest that gas phase PAHs and fine particle associated PAHs dominate their dry deposition. The influence of air mass movements to dry deposition and atmospheric concentrations of PAHs in the area was also investigated.

[1]  Chungsying Lu,et al.  Estimation of PAHs dry deposition and BaP toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) study at Urban, Industry Park and rural sampling sites in central Taiwan, Taichung. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[2]  T. Holsen,et al.  Dry deposition of atmospheric particles: application of current models to ambient data , 1992 .

[3]  D. L. Leister,et al.  Atmospheric deposition of organic contaminants to the chesapeake bay , 1994 .

[4]  A. Triantafyllou.  PM10 pollution episodes as a function of synoptic climatology in a mountainous industrial area. , 2001, Environmental pollution.

[5]  G. F. Fisher,et al.  Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near New England coastal waters , 2001 .

[6]  G. Fang,et al.  Particle-bound PAH content in ambient air. , 1997, Environmental pollution.

[7]  S. Yi,et al.  Comparison of dry deposition predicted from models and measured with a water surface sampler , 1997 .

[8]  M. McLachlan,et al.  Measurement of atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) to a soil , 1997 .

[9]  J. Pankow,et al.  Trace organic compounds in rain—III. Particle scavenging of neutral organic compounds , 1985 .

[10]  S. Yi,et al.  Temporal and spatial variations of the particle size distribution of PAHs and their dry deposition fluxes in Korea , 2002 .

[11]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change , 1997 .

[12]  R. Perry,et al.  A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources, fate and behavior , 1991 .

[13]  A. S. Shannigrahi,et al.  Comparison of different methods for measuring dry deposition fluxes of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the ambient air , 2005 .

[14]  Byeong-Kyu Lee,et al.  Development of an improved dry and wet deposition collector and the atmospheric deposition of PAHs onto Ulsan Bay, Korea , 2004 .

[15]  T. Bidleman,et al.  Atmospheric processes: wet and dry deposition of organic compounds are controlled by their vapor-particle partitioning , 1988 .

[16]  T. Holsen,et al.  Dry Deposition of Particulate Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Lake Michigan , 1998 .

[17]  R. Jaffé,et al.  Organic aerosols in the Miami area, USA: temporal variability of atmospheric particles and wet/dry deposition. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[18]  C. Samara,et al.  Patterns and sources of particle-phase aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural sites of western Greece , 2004 .

[19]  Constantini Samara,et al.  Gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, adjacent coastal, and continental background sites of western Greece. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[20]  R. Hites,et al.  Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to water surfaces: A mass balance approach , 1988 .

[21]  J. Hlavay,et al.  The seasonal changes in the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precipitation and aerosol near Lake Balaton, Hungary. , 2001, Environmental pollution.

[22]  June-Soo Park,et al.  Atmospheric distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and deposition to Galveston Bay, Texas, USA , 2001 .

[23]  Brian B. Looney,et al.  Airborne organic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem , 1981 .

[24]  E. Manoli,et al.  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bulk precipitation and surface waters of Northern Greece. , 2000, Chemosphere.

[25]  M. McLachlan,et al.  Atmospheric particle size distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their implications for wet and dry deposition , 1998 .

[26]  H. Chao,et al.  Dry Deposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air , 1996 .

[27]  R. Dickhut,et al.  Atmospheric inputs of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls to Southern Chesapeake Bay , 1995 .

[28]  D. Golomb,et al.  Atmospheric deposition of toxics onto Massachusetts Bay-II. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , 1997 .

[29]  Thomas M. Holsen,et al.  Measurement of Dry Deposition and Air-Water Exchange of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with the Water Surface Sampler , 1999 .