Effective Relief of Pain and Associated Symptoms With Closed‐Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation System: Preliminary Results of the Avalon Study

Conventional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) delivers a fixed‐input of energy into the dorsal column. Physiologic effects such as heartbeat, respiration, spinal cord movement, and history of stimulation can cause both the perceived intensity and recruitment of stimulation to increase or decrease, with clinical consequences. A new SCS system controls stimulation dose by measuring the recruitment of fibers in the dorsal column and by using the amplitude of the evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) to maintain stimulation within an individualized therapeutic range. Safety and efficacy of this closed‐loop system was evaluated through six‐month postimplantation.

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