Novel solar powered electric vehicle charging station with the capability of vehicle-to-grid

Abstract In this study, a novel grid-connected solar powered electric vehicle (EV) charging station with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is designed and constructed. The solar powered EV charging station consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a DC/DC converter dedicated to the PV array, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, 15 bidirectional DC/DC converters dedicated to the 15 charging stations provided for charging EVs, and a bidirectional DC/AC inverter connected between the charging station and grid. The contribution of this work is that the grid-connected solar powered EV charging station presented in this work optimally converts solar energy into electric energy because it uses a novel proposed fast and highly accurate MPPT technique. Furthermore, this work includes experimental results obtained from the daily operation of the constructed EV charging station, while other works are only simulation based. It is experimentally verified that the EV charging station not only produces enough electric energy to charge EVs during sunny days but also balances load demand in the local grid during cloudy days.

[1]  M. Muthuramalingam,et al.  Comparative analysis of distributed MPPT controllers for partially shaded stand alone photovoltaic systems , 2014 .

[2]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Novel photovoltaic based battery charger including novel high efficiency step-up DC/DC converter and novel high accurate fast maximum power point tracking controller , 2016 .

[3]  Mohamed M. Algazar,et al.  Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Fuzzy Logic Control , 2011 .

[4]  Jubaer Ahmed,et al.  A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for PV system using Cuckoo Search with partial shading capability , 2014 .

[5]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Utilization of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources used as distributed generators for improving characteristics of electric power distribution systems , 2015 .

[6]  Z. Salam,et al.  An improved perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for higher efficiency , 2015 .

[7]  Hassan Fathabadi.  Power distribution network reconfiguration for power loss minimization using novel dynamic fuzzy c-means (dFCM) clustering based ANN approach , 2016 .

[8]  Minwon Park,et al.  A study on the optimal voltage for MPPT obtained by surface temperature of solar cell , 2004, 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2004. IECON 2004.

[9]  Mohammad A. S. Masoum,et al.  Closure on "Theoretical and experimental analyses of photovoltaic systems with voltage and current-based maximum power point tracking" , 2002 .

[10]  Ying-Tung Hsiao,et al.  Maximum Power Tracking for Photovoltaic Power Systems , 2005 .

[11]  Johan H R Enslin,et al.  Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter , 1997, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[12]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Lambert W function-based technique for tracking the maximum power point of PV modules connected in various configurations , 2015 .

[13]  Preetham Goli,et al.  PV powered smart charging station for PHEVs , 2014 .

[14]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Novel filter based ANN approach for short-circuit faults detection, classification and location in power transmission lines , 2016 .

[15]  Soteris A. Kalogirou,et al.  New MPPT method for stand-alone photovoltaic systems operating under partially shaded conditions , 2013 .

[16]  Ali M. Eltamaly,et al.  A comprehensive comparison of different MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems , 2015 .

[17]  Yie-Tone Chen,et al.  A novel auto-scaling variable step-size MPPT method for a PV system , 2014 .

[18]  P. T. Krein,et al.  Concerning “Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Optimization Using Ripple-Based Extremum Seeking Control” , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  Santi Agatino Rizzo,et al.  ANN based MPPT method for rapidly variable shading conditions , 2015 .

[20]  Radhakrishna Kotti,et al.  Efficient MPPT control for PV systems adaptive to fast changing irradiation and partial shading conditions , 2015 .

[21]  D. Petreus,et al.  A novel MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm based on a modified genetic algorithm specialized on tracking the global maximum power point in photovoltaic systems affected by partial shading , 2014 .

[22]  Koray Sener Parlak,et al.  FPGA based new MPPT (maximum power point tracking) method for PV (photovoltaic) array system operating partially shaded conditions , 2014 .

[23]  Boutaib Dahhou,et al.  Adaptive fuzzy controller based MPPT for photovoltaic systems , 2014 .

[24]  Ángel-Antonio Bayod-Rújula,et al.  A novel MPPT method for PV systems with irradiance measurement , 2014 .

[25]  Kok Soon Tey,et al.  Modified incremental conductance MPPT algorithm to mitigate inaccurate responses under fast-changing solar irradiation level , 2014 .

[26]  Chokri Ben Salah,et al.  Comparison of fuzzy logic and neural network in maximum power point tracker for PV systems , 2011 .

[27]  Sonia Leva,et al.  Urban Scale Photovoltaic Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[28]  Steven L Brunton,et al.  Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Optimization Using Ripple-Based Extremum Seeking Control , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[29]  Joe-Air Jiang,et al.  On application of a new hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based photovoltaic system to the closed plant factory , 2014 .

[30]  Iulian Munteanu,et al.  MPPT for grid-connected photovoltaic systems using ripple-based Extremum Seeking Control: Analysis and control design issues , 2015 .

[31]  S Ahmed,et al.  High-Performance Adaptive Perturb and Observe MPPT Technique for Photovoltaic-Based Microgrids , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Novel fast dynamic MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technique with the capability of very high accurate power tracking , 2016 .

[33]  Pedro Nunes,et al.  Day charging electric vehicles with excess solar electricity for a sustainable energy system , 2015 .

[34]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Two novel proposed discrete wavelet transform and filter based approaches for short-circuit faults detection in power transmission lines , 2015, Appl. Soft Comput..

[35]  Pavol Bauer,et al.  System design for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces , 2016 .

[36]  Mohamed Orabi,et al.  On-chip integrated power management MPPT controller utilizing cell-level architecture for PV solar system , 2015 .

[37]  Yaoyu Li,et al.  Sequential ESC-Based Global MPPT Control for Photovoltaic Array With Variable Shading , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[38]  Toshihiko Noguchi,et al.  Short-current pulse-based maximum-power-point tracking method for multiple photovoltaic-and-converter module system , 2002, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[39]  Hassan Fathabadi,et al.  Novel high efficiency DC/DC boost converter for using in photovoltaic systems , 2016 .