THE TRANSITION FROM SHALLOW TO DEEP PENETRATION DURING ELECTRON BEAM WELDING

Electron beam partial-penetration welds were made on 2024 aluminium and 304 stainless steel at travel speeds from 6.4 to 3200 mm/s (0.25 to 126 in./s). Different combinations of beam current and travel speed were selected to achieve a wide range of energy densities for three different power density beams, while the use of aluminium and stainless steel provided results for materials with widely different thermal properties. The cross-sectional shapes of the resulting welds were metallographically measured to determine relationships between the welding machine parameters (power beam diameter and travel speed) and the depth of penetration.