Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers—Amplifier Basics

This chapter reviews the fundamentals needed to model gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers followed by the discussion of the calculations of gain in both the small signal and saturation regimes to reach an intuitive understanding of the gain process. The underpinning of the gain process consists of coupled atomic population and light flux propagation equations. Using certain assumptions, the three-level system is reduced to an equivalent two-level system. Moreover, this discussion highlights the importance of the absorption and emission cross-sections, and the amplified stimulated emission. This chapter also discusses the analytical models of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which do not necessitate complex numerical procedures to solve for the gain.

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