Immune reconstitution syndrome due to bacillus Calmette-Guérin after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection.

The immune reconstitution syndrome caused by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was found in 4 HIV-infected children who were immunized with BCG at birth. The localized, suppurative, BCG-related complications developed within 10 weeks after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The incidence rate was 2.7 cases per 100 persons (95% confidence interval, 0.7-6.7). Patients responded well to treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin.

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