Mechanical control of tissue growth: function follows form.

Early biologists sought to identify vital life forces they believed responsible for the exquisite intricacy of tissue pattern and functional control. Later forms of ‘‘vitalism’’ downplayed the role of mystical powers and focused more on the importance of internal forces that emerged from the specific arrangement of tissue components, with particular emphasis on the role of reciprocal mechanical interactions among the material elements that constitute living systems. Many of

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