Multi-carrier platform for wireless communications. Part 2: OFDM and MC-CDMA systems with high-performance, high-throughput via innovations in spreading

Multi-carrier technologies in general, and OFDM and MC-CDMA in particular, are an integral part of the wireless landscape. In this second part of a two-part survey, the authors present an innovative set of spreading codes known as CI codes, and demonstrate how these significantly increase performance and capacity in OFDM and MC-CDMA systems, all the while eliminating PAPR concerns. Regarding OFDM: the spreading of each symbol over all N carriers using CI spreading codes (replacing the current one symbol per carrier strategy) are presented. CI codes are ideally suited for spreading OFDM since, when compared to traditional OFDM, CI-based OFDM systems achieve the performance of coded OFDM (COFDM) while maintaining the throughput of uncoded OFDM, and, at the same time, eliminate PAPR concerns. When applied to MC-CDMA, CI codes provide a simple means of supporting 2N users on N carriers while maintaining the performance of an N-user Hadamard Walsh code MC-CDMA system, i.e., CI codes double MC-CDMA network capacity without loss in performance. The CI codes used in OFDM and MC-CDMA systems are directly related to the CI pulse (chip) shapes used to enhance TDMA and DS-CDMA (see part 1): hence, the CI approach provides a common hardware platform for today's multi-carrier/multiple-access technologies, enabling software radio applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  Balasubramaniam Natarajan,et al.  Crest factor considerations in MC-CDMA with carrier interferometry codes , 2001, 2001 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37233).

[2]  Branislav M. Popovic.  Spreading sequences for multicarrier CDMA systems , 1999, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[3]  Ian Oppermann,et al.  Complex spreading sequences with a wide range of correlation properties , 1997, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[4]  Roger B. Marks,et al.  Standards in IEEE 802 unleash the wireless Internet , 2001 .

[5]  Balasubramaniam Natarajan,et al.  High-performance MC-CDMA via carrier interferometry codes , 2001, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol..

[6]  K. Baughan,et al.  Visions of 4G , 2000 .

[7]  C. R. Nassar,et al.  High-performance 802.11a wireless LAN via carrier-interferometry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing at 5 GHz , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[8]  H. Rohling,et al.  Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM radio transmission systems , 1998, VTC '98. 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (Cat. No.98CH36151).

[9]  Gregory W. Wornell.  Emerging applications of multirate signal processing and wavelets in digital communications , 1996 .

[10]  Ravinder David Koilpillai,et al.  Software radio issues in cellular base stations , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[11]  Ramjee Prasad,et al.  Overview of multicarrier CDMA , 1997, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[12]  Stefan Kaiser,et al.  A flexible and high performance cellular mobile communications system based on Orthogonal Multi-Carrier SSMA , 1995, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[13]  Cornelis Jan Kikkert,et al.  Peak to average power ratio reduction of OFDM signals using peak reduction carriers , 1999, ISSPA '99. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (IEEE Cat. No.99EX359).

[14]  W. C. Jakes,et al.  Microwave Mobile Communications , 1974 .

[15]  Zhiqiang Wu,et al.  Overcoming peak-to-average power ratio issues in OFDM via carrier-interferometry codes , 2001, IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211).

[16]  Gregory W. Wornell.  Spread-signature CDMA: efficient multiuser communication in the presence of fading , 1995, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[17]  R. B. Marks.  The IEEE 802.16 Working Group on broadband wireless , 1999 .

[18]  Manfred R. Schroeder,et al.  Synthesis of low-peak-factor signals and binary sequences with low autocorrelation (Corresp.) , 1970, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[19]  Balasubramaniam Natarajan,et al.  Multi-carrier platform for wireless communications. Part 1: High-performance, high-throughput TDMA and DS-CDMA via multi-carrier implementations , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[20]  John M. Cioffi,et al.  A Discrete Multitone Transceiver System for HDSL Applications , 1991, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[21]  Balasubramaniam Natarajan,et al.  Generation of correlated Rayleigh fading envelopes for spread spectrum applications , 2000, IEEE Communications Letters.

[22]  C. R. Nassar,et al.  Peak-to-average power reduction in high-performance, high-throughput OFDM via pseudo-orthogonal carrier-interferometry coding , 2001, 2001 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37233).

[23]  J. Huber,et al.  OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by optimum combination of partial transmit sequences , 1997 .

[24]  Jean-Bernard Rault,et al.  OFDM for digital TV broadcasting , 1994, Signal Process..

[25]  John M. Cioffi,et al.  Performance Evaluation of a Multichannel Transceiver System for ADSL and VHDSL Services , 1991, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[26]  THOMAS MUELLER,et al.  Performance of coherent OFDM-CDMA for broadband mobile communications , 1995, Wirel. Pers. Commun..