Production and partial characterization of pectinases from forage palm by Aspergillus niger URM4645

The activity of endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), pectin lyase (PL) and pectinesterase (PE) produced by Aspergillus niger URM4645 was studied in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using forage palm as the substrate. The effect of variable substrate amount, inoculum concentration and temperature on the pectinase production was studied using a full factorial design (2³). The maximum activity obtained was 66.19 U/g for endo-PG, 3.590 U/g for exo-PG and 40,615.62 U/g for PL at 96, 24 and 72 h of fermentation, respectively. PE showed no activity. The production of endo-PG and exo-PG was significantly influenced by varying substrate amount, inoculum concentration and temperature, but these variables had no influence on PL production. The best conditions for production of the three enzymes at the same time were obtained with 10.0 g of substrate, 107 spores/g at 28°C. Endo-PG and PL presented optimum activity at pH 5.0 and exo-PG at pH 7.0. The maximal activity of endo-PG and PL was determined at 50°C and exo-PG at 40°C. Endo-PG and exo-PG were stable at a pH range of 3.5 - 11.0 and at 50 and 80°C, respectively. PL showed stability only at pH 5.0 and at 50°C. Key words : Aspergillus niger, pectinolytic activities, forage palm, solid-state fermentation.

[1]  K. Yadav,et al.  Purification and Characterization of Pectin Lyase Produced by Aspergillus terricola and its Application in Retting of Natural Fibers , 2009, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[2]  M. El-sheekh,et al.  Effective technological pectinases by Aspergillus carneus NRC1 utilizing the Egyptian orange juice industry scraps. , 2009 .

[3]  K. Yadav,et al.  Purification and characterization of an alkaline pectin lyase from Aspergillus flavus , 2008 .

[4]  Anca Dinischiotu,et al.  Enzymes with new biochemical properties in the pectinolytic complex produced by Aspergillus niger MIUG 16. , 2007, Journal of biotechnology.

[5]  E. Gomes,et al.  Purification and characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase produced by Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 in solid-state fermentation , 2007 .

[6]  E. A. Fedorova,et al.  Isolation and characterization of extracellular pectin lyase from Penicillium canescens , 2007, Biochemistry (Moscow).

[7]  S. Patil,et al.  Optimization of process for the production of fungal pectinases from deseeded sunflower head in submerged and solid-state conditions. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[8]  M. Corredig,et al.  The role of pectin in orange juice stabilization: Effect of pectin methylesterase and pectinase activity on the size of cloud particles , 2006 .

[9]  E. Gomes,et al.  PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYGALACTURONASES PRODUCED BY THERMOPHILIC MONASCUS SP N8 AND BY THERMOTOLERANT ASPERGILLUS SP N12 ON SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION , 2006 .

[10]  Glaucia Maria Pastore,et al.  Isolamento e seleção de microrganismos pectinolíticos a partir de resíduos provenientes de agroindústrias para produção de aromas frutais , 2006 .

[11]  R. Fontana,et al.  Influence of pectin and glucose on growth and polygalacturonase production by Aspergillus niger in solid-state cultivation , 2005, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[12]  U. Phutela,et al.  Pectinase and polygalacturonase production by a thermophilic Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from decomposting orange peels , 2005 .

[13]  E. Gomes,et al.  Pectinase production by fungal strains in solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial bioproduct , 2004 .

[14]  M. A. Lira,et al.  Partial replacement of soybean meal for urea and forage cactus in lactating cows diets: I. Performance , 2003 .

[15]  Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi,et al.  Purification and biochemical properties of microbial pectinases—a review , 2003 .

[16]  E. Gomes,et al.  Pectinase production by Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 by solid state fermentation using agricultural wastes and agro-industrial by-products , 2002 .

[17]  E. Bonnin,et al.  Purification and characterisation of two exo-polygalacturonases from Aspergillus niger able to degrade xylogalacturonan and acetylated homogalacturonan. , 2002, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[18]  M. A. Ferreira,et al.  Palma Forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) em Substituição à Silagem de Sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) na Alimentação de Vacas Leiteiras , 2002 .

[19]  M. Klich.  Identification of common Aspergillus species , 2002 .

[20]  C. Webb,et al.  Utilisation of whole wheat flour for the production of extracellular pectinases by some fungal strains , 2001 .

[21]  S. Pérez-Magariño,et al.  Influence of commercial pectolytic preparations on the composition and storage evolution of Albillo white wines , 2001 .

[22]  J. Benen,et al.  Characterization of a novel endopolygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger with unique kinetic properties , 2000, FEBS letters.

[23]  J. Benen,et al.  Kinetic characterization of Aspergillus niger N400 endopolygalacturonases I, II and C. , 2001, European journal of biochemistry.

[24]  T. Panda,et al.  Production of pectolytic enzymes – a review , 1998 .

[25]  J. Visser,et al.  The tree-dimensional structure of aspergillus niger pectin lyase B at 1.7-A resolution. , 1998, Plant physiology.

[26]  D. Tempest,et al.  Partial purification and properties of pectin lyase from Penicillium expansum , 1993, World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.

[27]  A. Voragen,et al.  CHAPTER 14 – Pectic Enzymes in Fruit and Vegetable Juice Manufacture , 1993 .

[28]  S. Said,et al.  Extracellular polygalacturonases from Penicillium frequentans : separation and regulatory aspects , 1992 .

[29]  N. Q. Khánh,et al.  Characterization and expression of a genomic pectin methyl esterase-encoding gene in Aspergillus niger. , 1991, Gene.

[30]  P. Mill,et al.  The pectic enzymes of Aspergillus niger. 1. The production of active mixtures of pectic enzymes. , 1961, The Biochemical journal.

[31]  G. L. Miller.  Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar , 1959 .