Electrochemistry of polyaniline: Study of the pH effect and electrochromism

Polyaniline was electrochemically synthesized from an aqueous medium with various acid electrolytes via potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline was studied over various substrates, including Pt, Ti, Ni, and SnO 2 coated glass, and in various acid electrolytes. Cyclic voltammograms of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline were studied in HCl in a pH range of 1-4. Probable electrochemistry and chemical changes were deduced that occurred when polyaniline film was electrochemically oxidized and reduced between -0.2 and 1.0 V versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode in an acidic electrolyte at pH 1, and three corresponding oxidation and reduction peaks were described instead of two redox peaks (as observed by W. S. Huang, B. D. Humphrey, and A. G. MacDiarmid, J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 1986, 82, 2385). The electrochromic property was studied with changes in the chemical states of polyaniline during electrochemical oxidation and reduction. A new viscous electrolyte, aqueous AlCl 3 (pH 2), saturated with AgCl was used for the construction of an electrochromic display device.

[1]  K. Hyodo,et al.  Effect of the polymer electrolyte on the electrochemical polymerization of aniline , 1991 .

[2]  Z. Mandić,et al.  Counter-ion and pH effect on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline , 1992 .

[3]  J. A. Logan,et al.  Electroactive polyaniline films , 1980 .

[4]  R. Prakash,et al.  Electrochromic window based on polyaniline , 1998 .

[5]  W. Scheifele,et al.  Morphology of electrochemically prepared polyaniline. Influence of polymerization parameters , 1993 .

[6]  A. MacDiarmid,et al.  Polyaniline: characterization as a cathode active material in rechargeable batteries in aqueous electrolytes , 1988 .

[7]  D. Pletcher,et al.  Studies of Zn|ZnX2|polyaniline batteries. II. X=I , 1987 .

[8]  N. Oyama,et al.  A study of the redox reaction mechanisms of polyaniline using a quartz crystal microbalance , 1989 .

[9]  M. Łapkowski.  Electrochemical synthesis of linear polyaniline in aqueous solutions , 1990 .

[10]  M. C. Miras,et al.  Direct In Situ Evidence for Proton/Anion Exchange in Polyaniline Films by Means of Probe Beam Deflection , 1991 .

[11]  D. Pletcher,et al.  Studies of Zn|ZnX2|polyaniline batteries. I. X.=Cl and Br , 1987 .

[12]  D. C. Trivedi,et al.  Synthesis and properties of polyaniline obtained using sulphamic acid , 1992 .

[13]  R. L. Elsenbaumer,et al.  Handbook of conducting polymers , 1986 .

[14]  R. Adams,et al.  Anodic Oxidation Studies of N,N-Dimethylaniline. I. Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Investigations at Platinum Electrodes , 1962 .

[15]  Su-Moon Park,et al.  Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. IV: Electrochemical studies on polyaniline degradation ― product identification and coulometric studies , 1988 .

[16]  H. Nalwa.  Handbook of organic conductive molecules and polymers , 1997 .

[17]  A. Kitani,et al.  Performance Study of Aqueous Polyaniline Batteries , 1986 .

[18]  M. Musiani,et al.  Polyaniline as a cathode for O2 reduction—Kinetics of the reaction with H2O2 and use of the polymer in a model H2O2 fuel cell☆ , 1989 .

[19]  Y. Maeda,et al.  Electrochemical and Thermal Behavior of Polyaniline in Aqueous Solution Containing SO 4 2 − Ions , 1995 .

[20]  Su-Moon Park,et al.  Electrochemistry of Conductive Polymers II . Electrochemical Studies on Growth Properties of Polyaniline , 1988 .

[21]  H. Letheby.  XXIX.—On the production of a blue substance by the electrolysis of sulphate of aniline , 1862 .

[22]  K. Kanamura,et al.  Effect of Morphology of Polyaniline on Its Discharge Characteristics in Nonaqueous Electrolyte , 1995 .

[23]  H. Morimoto,et al.  The polyaniline/lithium battery , 1987 .

[24]  Jeff C. Michaelson,et al.  Morphological changes of polyaniline introduced during chemical preparation , 1990 .

[25]  W. Fosong,et al.  Large-scale polyaniline batteries , 1988 .

[26]  Wu-Song Huang,et al.  Polyaniline, a novel conducting polymer. Morphology and chemistry of its oxidation and reduction in aqueous electrolytes , 1986 .

[27]  Alan G. MacDiarmid,et al.  Polyaniline: Electrochemistry and application to rechargeable batteries , 1987 .

[28]  J. Lee,et al.  Rechargeable thin film batteries of polypyrrole and polyaniline , 1992 .

[29]  N. Comisso,et al.  Cyclic potential sweep electropolymerization of aniline: The role of anions in the polymerization mechanism , 1988 .