Value-based selling: An organizational capability perspective

Abstract Creating superior customer value is central to a company's success in competitive markets. In their quest to increase customer-perceived value, many industrial companies are moving toward customer value-focused sales management. Research-based knowledge of how to manage customer value-based sales operations remains sparse, however, with most of the customer value literature focusing on concepts of value, not their application. By exploring the emerging practices of value-based selling and linking the findings to the body of knowledge on value creation and capture, this study investigates organizational capabilities that contribute longitudinally and relationally to increased customer-perceived value in sales management practice. Our empirical investigation employs nine globally operating industrial companies in an exploratory multiple case study setting. The data collection methods consist of interviews, practice benchmarking workshops, focus groups, and reviews of value assessment tools. The findings of our abductive research process improve the theoretical understanding of organizational capabilities required to improve customer perceived value in business-to-business (B2B) exchange, based on a wider conceptualization of the operational, strategic, symbolic, and social dimensions of customer value. For managers, our study identifies the essential capabilities required for value-based selling, illustrates managerial practices to implement those capabilities, and provides guidance on value proposition design, value quantification, and value communication.

[1]  L. Zucker Institutional Theories of Organization , 1987 .

[2]  R. Normann,et al.  From value chain to value constellation: designing interactive strategy. , 1993, Harvard business review.

[3]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution , 2008 .

[4]  Finn Wynstra,et al.  Combining value and price to make purchase decisions in business markets , 2000 .

[5]  F. Wynstra,et al.  Value in business markets : what do we know? where are we going? , 2005 .

[6]  中嶋 清一,et al.  Introduction to TPM : total productive maintenance , 1988 .

[7]  Nicola Saccani,et al.  The Value and Management Practices of Installed Base Information in Product-Service Systems , 2012, APMS.

[8]  Mark J. Zbaracki,et al.  Pricing process as a capability: a resource-based perspective , 2003 .

[9]  K. Möller,et al.  Business suppliers' value creation potential: A capability-based analysis☆ , 2003 .

[10]  R. Belk,et al.  Assessing Trustworthiness in Naturalistic Consumer Research , 1989 .

[11]  Rajkumar Venkatesan,et al.  A Customer Lifetime Value Framework for Customer Selection and Resource Allocation Strategy , 2004 .

[12]  Christian Kowalkowski,et al.  Dynamics of Value Propositions: Insights from Service-Dominant Logic , 2011 .

[13]  Jukka Vesalainen,et al.  Enabling relationship structures and relationship performance improvement: The moderating role of relational capital , 2012 .

[14]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  Role of Individual Attachments in the Dissolution of Interorganizational Relationships , 1992 .

[15]  T. Speh,et al.  Undergraduate Education: The Implications of Cross-Functional, Relationships in Business Marketing–The Skills of High-Performing Managers , 2007 .

[16]  Barbara Townley,et al.  The Role of Competing Rationalities in Institutional Change , 2002 .

[17]  Andreas Eggert,et al.  Value-Based Differentiation in Business Relationships: Gaining and Sustaining Key Supplier Status , 2006 .

[18]  Mark C. Suchman Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches , 1995 .

[19]  Andreas Eggert,et al.  Relationship Value in Business Markets: The Construct and Its Dimensions , 2005 .

[20]  K. Eisenhardt Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[21]  J. Barney,et al.  Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage , 1994 .

[22]  E. Hirschman Humanistic Inquiry in Marketing Research: Philosophy, Method, and Criteria , 1986 .

[23]  Mark T. Soliman,et al.  Using Industry-Adjusted Dupont Analysis to Predict Future Profitability , 2004 .

[24]  N. Hoffart Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory , 2000 .

[25]  A. Payne,et al.  A stakeholder perspective of the value proposition concept , 2011 .

[26]  V. Ambrosini,et al.  Value Creation Versus Value Capture: Towards a Coherent Definition of Value in Strategy , 2000 .

[27]  Christine Nadel,et al.  Case Study Research Design And Methods , 2016 .

[28]  Christian Homburg,et al.  Understanding Customer Value in Business-to-Business Relationships , 2005 .

[29]  K. Blois,et al.  Capabilities as marketable assets: A proposal for a functional categorization , 2006 .

[30]  Neil Rackham,et al.  Rethinking the Sales Force: Redefining Selling to Create and Capture Customer Value , 1999 .

[31]  K. Storbacka A solution business model: Capabilities and management practices for integrated solutions , 2011 .

[32]  Lawrence D. Miles,et al.  Techniques Of Value Analysis And Engineering , 1961 .

[33]  C. Prahalad,et al.  The Core Competence of the Corporation , 1990 .

[34]  A. Payne,et al.  Managing the co-creation of value , 2008 .

[35]  Keith M. Eades The New Solution Selling: The Revolutionary Sales Process That is Changing the Way People Sell , 2003 .

[36]  R. Ramírez Value co-production: intellectual origins and implications for practice and research , 1999 .

[37]  Madeleine Järsjö,et al.  Purchasing Must Become Supply Management , 2013 .

[38]  Christian Grönroos,et al.  Adopting a service logic in manufacturing: Conceptual foundation and metrics for mutual value creation , 2010 .

[39]  Paolo Guenzi,et al.  The sales function in the twenty‐first century: where are we and where do we go from here? , 2009 .

[40]  David G. Sirmon,et al.  Managing Firm Resources in Dynamic Environments to Create Value: Looking Inside the Black Box , 2007 .

[41]  Greg W. Marshall,et al.  The evolution of the seven steps of selling , 2005 .

[42]  James A. Narus,et al.  Business marketing: understand what customers value. , 1998, Harvard business review.

[43]  Wolfgang Ulaga,et al.  ‘It's almost like taking the sales out of selling’—Towards a conceptualization of value-based selling in business markets , 2012 .

[44]  James A. Narus,et al.  Customer value propositions in business markets. , 2006, Harvard business review.

[45]  T. Bonoma,et al.  The Buying Center: Structure and Interaction Patterns , 1981 .

[46]  Matthew Dixon The End of Solution Sales , 2012 .

[47]  Andreas Hinterhuber,et al.  Value delivery and value-based pricing in industrial markets , 2008 .

[48]  A. Pentland The new science of building great teams , 2012 .

[49]  R. Rajala,et al.  Organizational and institutional barriers to value-based pricing in industrial relationships , 2015 .

[50]  Lars-Erik Gadde,et al.  Systematic combining: an abductive approach to case research , 2002 .

[51]  Christopher R. Plouffe,et al.  Navigating Difficult Waters: Publishing Trends and Scholarship in Sales Research , 2008 .

[52]  C. Grönroos,et al.  Critical service logic: making sense of value creation and co-creation , 2013 .

[53]  F. Wynstra,et al.  Purchasing Higher-Value, Higher-Price Offerings in Business Markets , 2010 .

[54]  A. Payne,et al.  Value propositions as communication practice: Taking a wider view , 2011 .

[55]  A. Tversky,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[56]  Mohammad Ashhar Saleem Khan,et al.  Selling and sales management , 2011 .

[57]  J. Gosby MEDIA REVIEWS: Basics of Qualitative Research - Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory 2nd Edition by A. Strauss and J. Corbin. Sage Publications, , 2000 .

[58]  F. G. Bingham Business Marketing Management , 1997 .

[59]  Gary K. Hunter,et al.  Interrelationships among Key Aspects of the Organizational Procurement Process , 2006 .

[60]  Constance E. Helfat,et al.  The dynamic resource-based view: capability lifecycles , 2003 .

[61]  Andreas Hinterhuber,et al.  Towards value-based pricing—An integrative framework for decision making , 2004 .

[62]  D. Gosselin,et al.  Strategic account management: customer value creation through customer alignment , 2006 .

[63]  R. B. Woodruff,et al.  Exploring the Phenomenon of Customers' Desired Value Change in a Business-to-Business Context , 2002 .

[64]  Sidney G. Winter,et al.  The satisficing principle in capability learning , 2000 .

[65]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  The Service-dominant Logic of Marketing: Dialog, Debate, and Directions , 2006 .

[66]  Giovanni Gavetti,et al.  Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: evidence from digital imaging , 2000 .

[67]  Wolfgang Ulaga Capturing value creation in business relationships: A customer perspective , 2003 .

[68]  Mohanbir Sawhney,et al.  Going beyond the product: Defining, designing, and delivering customer solutions , 2006 .

[69]  James G. March,et al.  Crossroads---Organizational Performance as a Dependent Variable , 1997 .

[70]  K. Möller Role of competences in creating customer value: A value-creation logic approach , 2006 .

[71]  Stephan M. Liozu,et al.  The conceptualization of value-based pricing in industrial firms , 2012 .

[72]  C. Cassell,et al.  Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research , 2004 .

[73]  Anthony W. Ulwick,et al.  The customer-centered innovation map. , 2008, Harvard business review.

[74]  George J. Avlonitis,et al.  Selling and sales management: An introduction to the special section and recommendations on advancing the sales research agenda , 2010 .

[75]  Risto Rajala,et al.  Service Innovation Myopia? A New Recipe for Client-Provider Value Creation , 2008 .

[76]  Daniel J Flint,et al.  Compressing new product success-to-success cycle time , 2002 .

[77]  Adam Brandenburger,et al.  Value-based Business Strategy , 2005 .

[78]  Suvi Nenonen,et al.  Customer relationships and the heterogeneity of firm performance , 2009 .

[79]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Going beyond the Product: Defining, Designing, and Delivering Customer Solutions Mohanbir Sawhney , 2014 .

[80]  Ralph L. Keeney,et al.  Value-Focused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking , 1992 .