Choice confidence in the webrooming purchase process: The impact of online positive reviews and the motivation to touch

The webrooming purchase process (i.e. searching for information online and then buying the product offline) is the most extended cross-channel shopping behaviour. With the aim of offering a better understanding of this behaviour, this research relies on information processing and uncertainty reduction theories to propose that consumers use the online information to make the offline purchase with a higher degree of confidence. We examine the effects of a previous online interaction with a product on the preferences and decision at the physical store, as well as on the outcomes of the experience. In this path to purchase, we analyse how positive online customer reviews, as a specific form of electronic word of mouth, help the consumer to improve their experience, given their great potential to reduce the consumer's uncertainty in a purchase situation. In addition, the role of the motivation to touch the product is examined. The results of two studies show that the combination of an online search and an offline purchase improves the consumers' purchase experience in pre-choice variables (i.e. purchase intentions), choice and post-choice variables (i.e. search-process satisfaction and choice confidence). Moreover, reading a positive online customer review influences choice confidence, and all the variables considered in the research when it is received at the physical store. Finally, the results stress the importance of the motivation to touch when studying multichannel shopping behaviour, given its direct and moderating effects on the webrooming purchase process. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  Nicholas H. Lurie,et al.  Temporal Contiguity and Negativity Bias in the Impact of Online Word of Mouth , 2013 .

[2]  V. Mahajan,et al.  Consumers in a multichannel environment: Product utility, process utility, and channel choice , 2005 .

[3]  Yaacov Schul,et al.  Searching for Certainty in an Uncertain World: The Difficulty of Giving Up the Experiential for the Rational Mode of Thinking , 2003 .

[4]  M. F. Luce,et al.  Constructive Consumer Choice Processes , 1998 .

[5]  Roobina Ohanian Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers' Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness , 1990 .

[6]  Ingoo Han,et al.  The Effect of Site Trust on Trust in the Sources of Online Consumer Review and Trust in the Sources of Consumer Endorsement in Advertisement , 2006, PACIS.

[7]  Wander Jager,et al.  Faculteit Der Economische Wetenschappen En Econometric Serie Research Memoranda Fashions, Habits and Changing Preferences: Simulations of Psychological Factors Affecting Market Dynamics Fashions, Habits and Changing Preferences: Simulation of Psychological Factors Affecting Market Dynamics , 2022 .

[8]  Richard E Petty,et al.  Thought confidence as a determinant of persuasion: the self-validation hypothesis. , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[9]  S. Neslin,et al.  Key Issues in Multichannel Customer Management: Current Knowledge and Future Directions , 2009 .

[10]  Hyun-Hwa Lee,et al.  The effects of shopping orientations on consumers' satisfaction with product search and purchases in a multi‐channel environment , 2008 .

[11]  Stephen M. Nowlis,et al.  The Effect of Examining Actual Products or Product Descriptions on Consumer Preference , 2003 .

[12]  Sandrine Heitz-Spahn Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel environment: An investigation of shopping motives, sociodemographics and product categories , 2013 .

[13]  John G. Lynch,et al.  Interactive Home Shopping: Consumer, Retailer, and Manufacturer Incentives to Participate in Electronic Marketplaces , 1997 .

[14]  Jung-Kuei Hsieh,et al.  The challenge for multichannel services: Cross-channel free-riding behavior , 2011, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[15]  S. Sénécal,et al.  The influence of online product recommendations on consumers' online choices , 2004 .

[16]  Pranjal Gupta,et al.  How e-WOM recommendations influence product consideration and quality of choice: A motivation to process information perspective , 2010 .

[17]  D. Griffith,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF VIRTUAL DIRECT EXPERIENCE (VDE) ON ON-LINE AD MESSAGE EFFECTIVENESS , 2004 .

[18]  P. Leeflang,et al.  Does Online Information Drive Offline Revenues? Only for Specific Products and Consumer Segments! , 2011 .

[19]  Jacquelyn S. Thomas,et al.  Challenges and Opportunities in Multichannel Customer Management , 2006 .

[20]  Eric R. Spangenberg,et al.  Consumer need for tactile input , 2003 .

[21]  M. Laroche,et al.  Antecedents of consumer relative preference for interpersonal information sources in pre-purchase search , 2005 .

[22]  P. K. Kannan,et al.  From Multi-Channel Retailing to Omni-Channel Retailing: Introduction to the Special Issue on Multi-Channel Retailing , 2015 .

[23]  Roger Williams,et al.  The importance of user‐generated content: the case of hotels , 2010 .

[24]  Paul A. Pavlou,et al.  Overcoming the J-shaped distribution of product reviews , 2009, CACM.

[25]  Terry L. Childers,et al.  Individual Differences in Haptic Information Processing: The "Need for Touch" Scale , 2003 .

[26]  S. Neslin,et al.  Multichannel customer management: Understanding the research-shopper phenomenon , 2007 .

[27]  M. Laroche,et al.  Internet versus Bricks-and-Mortar Retailers: An Investigation into Intangibility and Its Consequences , 2005 .

[28]  Eliot R. Smith,et al.  Situating Social Influence Processes: Dynamic, Multidirectional Flows of Influence Within Social Networks , 2007, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[29]  David Schuff,et al.  What Makes a Helpful Review? A Study of Customer Reviews on Amazon.com , 2010 .

[30]  V. Zeithaml Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence: , 1988 .

[31]  D. Stewart,et al.  Customer Experience Management in Retailing: Understanding the Buying Process , 2009 .

[32]  Jane E. Workman,et al.  Gender, fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership, and need for touch: Effects on multi‐channel choice and touch/non‐touch preference in clothing shopping , 2011 .

[33]  D. Lehmann,et al.  Reactance to Recommendations: When Unsolicited Advice Yields Contrary Responses , 2004 .

[34]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  The Effects of Presentation Formats and Task Complexity on Online Consumers' Product Understanding , 2007, MIS Q..

[35]  España Ministerio de Educación,et al.  Datos básicos del sistema universitario español : curso 2013-2014 , 2013 .

[36]  Frank Biocca,et al.  Consumer Learning and the Effects of Virtual Experience Relative to Indirect and Direct Product Experience , 2008 .

[37]  Terry L. Childers,et al.  If I touch it I have to have it: Individual and environmental influences on impulse purchasing , 2006 .

[38]  David Sevitt,et al.  How Pinterest Puts People in Stores , 2013 .

[39]  Ronald E. Goldsmith,et al.  Bricks, clicks, and pix: apparel buyers' use of stores, internet, and catalogs compared , 2005 .

[40]  Gianfranco Walsh,et al.  The effect of consumer confusion proneness on word of mouth, trust, and customer satisfaction , 2010 .

[41]  Lauren I. Labrecque,et al.  The Assimilative and Contrastive Effects of Word-of-Mouth Volume: An Experimental Examination of Online Consumer Ratings , 2011 .

[42]  Stephen P. Smith,et al.  Online vicarious-experience: using technology to help consumers evaluate physical products over the Internet , 2006 .

[43]  Chrysanthos Dellarocas,et al.  The Digitization of Word-of-Mouth: Promise and Challenges of Online Feedback Mechanisms , 2003, Manag. Sci..

[44]  R. Schindler,et al.  Perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews: The role of message content and style: Perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews , 2012 .

[45]  Yue Pan,et al.  Born Unequal: A Study of the Helpfulness of User-Generated Product Reviews , 2011 .

[46]  V. Mitchell Consumer perceived risk: conceptualisations and models , 1999 .

[47]  D. Lehmann,et al.  Reasons for Substantial Delay in Consumer Decision Making , 1995 .

[48]  Sandy D. Jap,et al.  Managing Marketing Channel Multiplicity , 2010 .

[49]  Dennis Herhausen,et al.  Integrating Bricks with Clicks: Retailer-Level and Channel-Level Outcomes of Online–Offline Channel Integration , 2015 .

[50]  Sebastian van Baal,et al.  Free riding and customer retention across retailers’ channels , 2005 .

[51]  R. Schindler,et al.  Perceived Helpfulness of Online Consumer Reviews: The Role of Message Content and Style , 2010 .

[52]  Utpal M. Dholakia,et al.  Consumer Behavior in a Multichannel, Multimedia Retailing Environment , 2010 .

[53]  Ingoo Han,et al.  The Effect of On-Line Consumer Reviews on Consumer Purchasing Intention: The Moderating Role of Involvement , 2007, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[54]  Valerie J. Trifts,et al.  Consumer Decision Making in Online Shopping Environments: The Effects of Interactive Decision Aids , 2000 .

[55]  Ching-Jui Keng,et al.  The effects of sequential combinations of virtual experience, direct experience, and indirect experience: the moderating roles of need for touch and product involvement , 2012, Electron. Commer. Res..

[56]  T. Stafford,et al.  Memory Enhances the Mere Exposure Effect , 2012 .

[57]  Yubo Chen,et al.  Online Consumer Review: Word-of-Mouth as a New Element of Marketing Communication Mix , 2004, Manag. Sci..

[58]  A. Rangaswamy,et al.  The Impact of New Media on Customer Relationships , 2010 .

[59]  Patrali Chatterjee,et al.  Multiple-Channel and Cross-Channel Shopping Behavior: Role of Consumer Shopping Orientations , 2010 .

[60]  Angela Y. Lee The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited , 2001 .

[61]  Joann Peck,et al.  To have and to Hold: The Influence of Haptic Information on Product Judgments , 2003 .

[62]  Pradeep Racherla,et al.  Factors affecting consumers' trust in online product reviews , 2012 .

[63]  Venkatesh Shankar,et al.  Are Multichannel Customers Really more Valuable? The Moderating Role of Product Category Characteristics , 2013 .

[64]  A. Herrmann,et al.  Choice Goal Attainment and Decision and Consumption Satisfaction , 2007 .

[65]  R. Klatzky,et al.  Stages of manual exploration in haptic object identification , 1992, Perception & psychophysics.

[66]  S. Neslin,et al.  Multichannel Shopper Segments and Their Covariates , 2008 .

[67]  David Sprott,et al.  The influence of tactile input on the evaluation of retail product offerings , 2007 .

[68]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. , 2002, Psychological methods.

[69]  Derek D. Rucker,et al.  When increased confidence yields increased thought : A confidence-matching hypothesis , 2008 .

[70]  Elizabeth H. Creyer,et al.  An examination of the relationships between coping styles, task-related affect, and the desire for decision assistance , 2003 .

[71]  Peter H. Reingen,et al.  Social Ties and Word-of-Mouth Referral Behavior , 1987 .