Direction finding with time-varying arrays

This paper considers the problem of finding the directions of narrowband signals using a time-varying array, whose elements move during the observation interval in an arbitrary but known way. Assuming a Gaussian signal model, we derive the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and the maximum likelihood estimator for the directions of arrival. The single source case is studied in detail. Time-varying arrays are shown to be more robust to ambiguity errors than static arrays of comparable dimensions. >

[1]  A. G. Jaffer,et al.  Maximum likelihood direction finding of stochastic sources: a separable solution , 1988, ICASSP-88., International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[2]  Benjamin Friedlander,et al.  On the performance of direction finding with time-varying arrays , 1995, Signal Process..

[3]  Peter M. Schultheiss,et al.  Array shape calibration using sources in unknown locations-Part I: Far-field sources , 1987, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[4]  E. Weinstein,et al.  Lower bounds on the localization errors of a moving source observed by a passive array , 1981 .

[5]  E. J. Sullivan,et al.  Limitations on the overlap-correlator method imposed by noise and signal characteristics , 1992 .

[6]  Peter M. Schultheiss,et al.  Optimum Passive Bearing Estimation in a Spatially Incoherent Noise Environment , 1969 .

[7]  Peter M. Schultheiss,et al.  Array shape calibration using sources in unknown locations-Part II: Near-field sources and estimator implementation , 1987, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[8]  Geoffrey S Edelson.  On the estimation of source location using a passive towed array , 1993 .

[9]  Anthony J. Weiss,et al.  Maximum-Likelihood Direction Finding of Wide-Band Sources , 1993, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[10]  W. M. Carey,et al.  The formation of a synthetic aperture with towed hydrophones , 1984 .

[11]  P. Chestnut.  Emitter Location Accuracy Using TDOA and Differential Doppler , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[12]  F. C. Schweppe,et al.  On the angular resolution of multiple targets , 1964 .

[13]  L. Brennan,et al.  Angular accuracy of a phased array radar , 1961 .

[14]  Stergios Stergiopoulos,et al.  Extended towed array processing by an overlap correlator , 1989 .

[15]  G. S. Edelson,et al.  Maximum Likelihood Estimation Of The Location Of A Narrow-band Acoustic Source Using A Spatially-referenced Towed Array , 1992, OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology.

[16]  Donald W. Tufts,et al.  On the ability to estimate narrow-band signal parameters using towed arrays , 1992 .

[17]  William M. Carey,et al.  Application of synthetic‐aperture processing to towed‐array data , 1989 .

[18]  Mati Wax.  The joint estimation of differential delay, Doppler, and phase , 1982, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[19]  Anthony J. Weiss,et al.  On the Cramer-Rao Bound for Direction Finding of Correlated Signals , 1993, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[20]  Alston S. Householder,et al.  The Theory of Matrices in Numerical Analysis , 1964 .

[21]  S. Stergiopoulos,et al.  A new passive synthetic aperture technique for towed arrays , 1992 .

[22]  Thomas Kailath,et al.  On spatial smoothing for direction-of-arrival estimation of coherent signals , 1985, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[23]  Stergios Stergiopoulos,et al.  Optimum bearing resolution for a moving towed array and extension of its physical aperture , 1989 .