Current-mode techniques for the implementation of continuous- and discrete-time cellular neural networks

A unified, comprehensive approach to the design of continuous-time (CT) and discrete-time (DT) cellular neural networks (CNNs) using CMOS current-mode analog techniques is presented. The net input signals are currents instead of voltages, which avoids the need for current-to-voltage dedicated interfaces in image processing tasks with photosensor devices. Outputs may be either currents or voltages. Cell design relies on exploiting current mirror properties for the efficient implementation of both linear and nonlinear analog operators. Basic design issues, the influence of nonidealities and advanced circuit design issues, and design for manufacturability considerations associated with statistical analysis are discussed. Experimental results are given for three prototypes designed for 1.6- mu m n-well CMOS technologies. One is discrete-time and can be reconfigured via local logic for noise removal, feature extraction (borders and edges), shadow detection, hole filling, and connected component detection (CCD) on a rectangular grid with unity neighborhood radius. The other two prototypes are continuous-time and fixed template: one for CCD and other for noise removal. >

[1]  E. Vittoz MOS transistors operated in the lateral bipolar mode and their application in CMOS technology , 1983, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[2]  Eric A. Vittoz The Design of High-Performance Analog Circuits on Digital CMOS Chips , 1985 .

[3]  E. Sanchez-Sinencio,et al.  Active filter design using operational transconductance amplifiers: A tutorial , 1985, IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine.

[4]  John M. Khoury,et al.  Continuous-time MOSFET-C filters in VLSI , 1986 .

[5]  K. Bult,et al.  A class of analog CMOS circuits based on the square-law characteristic of an MOS transistor in saturation , 1987 .

[6]  Mohammed Ismail,et al.  A new MOSFET-C universal filter structure for VLSI , 1987, 1987 Symposium on VLSI Circuits.

[7]  A.S. Sedra,et al.  Analog MOS integrated circuits for signal processing , 1987, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[8]  Lin-Bao Yang,et al.  Cellular neural networks: theory , 1988 .

[9]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  Cellular neural networks: applications , 1988 .

[10]  Marcel J. M. Pelgrom,et al.  Matching properties of MOS transistors , 1989 .

[11]  A. Abidi,et al.  A 50 dB variable gain amplifier using parasitic bipolar transistors in CMOS , 1989 .

[12]  Eric A. M. Klumperink,et al.  MOS current gain cells with electronically variable gain and constant bandwidth , 1989 .

[13]  Christoph Eichenberger Charge injection in MOS-integrated sample-and-hold and switched-capacitor circuits , 1989 .

[14]  John B. Hughes,et al.  Switched currents-a new technique for analog sampled-data signal processing , 1989, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,.

[15]  Kari Halonen,et al.  VLSI implementation of a reconfigurable cellular neural network containing local logic (CNNL) , 1990, IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications.

[16]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  CNN cloning template: connected component detector , 1990 .

[17]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  Stability of a class of nonreciprocal cellular neural networks , 1990 .

[18]  J.L. Huertas,et al.  Accurate design of analog CNN in CMOS digital technologies , 1990, IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications.

[19]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  CNN cloning template: shadow detector , 1990 .

[20]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  CNN cloning template: hole-filler , 1990 .

[21]  A. H. Sayles,et al.  An optoelectronic CMOS memory circuit for parallel detection and storage of optical data , 1991 .

[22]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  A CNN chip for connected component detection , 1991 .

[23]  S. Matsui,et al.  A two-dimensional segmentation-free learning recognition system by a cellular automaton array using eigenvectors of the second moment matrix , 1991 .

[24]  L. Chua,et al.  An analytic method for designing simple cellular neural networks , 1991 .

[25]  J.L. Huertas,et al.  High Resolution CMOS Current Comparators , 1992, ESSCIRC '92: Eighteenth European Solid-State Circuits conference.

[26]  Mohammed Ismail,et al.  Statistical modeling of device mismatch for analog MOS integrated circuits , 1992 .

[27]  J.L. Huertas,et al.  An adaptive scheme for feedthrough cancellation in switched-current techniques , 1992, [1992] Proceedings of the 35th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[28]  Leon O. Chua,et al.  Cellular neural networks: Theory and circuit design , 1992, Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl..

[29]  A. Radvanyi,et al.  Optical tracking system for automatic guided vehicles using cellular neural networks , 1992, CNNA '92 Proceedings Second International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Applications.

[30]  Josef A. Nossek,et al.  An analog implementation of discrete-time cellular neural networks , 1992, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[31]  P.L. Venetianer,et al.  Some novel capabilities of CNN: game of life and examples of multipath algorithms , 1992, CNNA '92 Proceedings Second International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Applications.