Lifetime measurement of neutron-rich even-even molybdenum isotopes

Background: In the neutron-rich $A\ensuremath{\approx}100$ mass region, rapid shape changes as a function of nucleon number as well as coexistence of prolate, oblate, and triaxial shapes are predicted by various theoretical models. Lifetime measurements of excited levels in the molybdenum isotopes allow the determination of transitional quadrupole moments, which in turn provides structural information regarding the predicted shape change.Purpose: The present paper reports on the experimental setup, the method that allowed one to measure the lifetimes of excited states in even-even molybdenum isotopes from mass $A=100$ up to mass $A=108$, and the results that were obtained.Method: The isotopes of interest were populated by secondary knock-out reaction of neutron-rich nuclei separated and identified by the GSI fragment separator at relativistic beam energies and detected by the sensitive PreSPEC-AGATA experimental setup. The latter included the Lund-York-Cologne calorimeter for identification, tracking, and velocity measurement of ejectiles, and AGATA, an array of position sensitive segmented HPGe detectors, used to determine the interaction positions of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray enabling a precise Doppler correction. The lifetimes were determined with a relativistic version of the Doppler-shift-attenuation method using the systematic shift of the energy after Doppler correction of a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transition with a known energy. This relativistic Doppler-shift-attenuation method allowed the determination of mean lifetimes from 2 to 250 ps.Results: Even-even molybdenum isotopes from mass $A=100$ to $A=108$ were studied. The decays of the low-lying states in the ground-state band were observed. In particular, two mean lifetimes were measured for the first time: $\ensuremath{\tau}=29.{7}_{\ensuremath{-}9.1}^{+11.3}$ ps for the ${4}^{+}$ state of $^{108}\mathrm{Mo}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}=3.{2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.7}^{+0.7}$ ps for the ${6}^{+}$ state of $^{102}\mathrm{Mo}$.Conclusions: The reduced transition strengths $B(E2)$, calculated from lifetimes measured in this experiment, compared to beyond-mean-field calculations, indicate a gradual shape transition in the chain of molybdenum isotopes when going from $A=100$ to $A=108$ with a maximum reached at $N=64$. The transition probabilities decrease for $^{108}\mathrm{Mo}$ which may be related to its well-pronounced triaxial shape indicated by the calculations.