Properties of nonlinear noise in long, dispersion-uncompensated fiber links

We study the properties of nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) in fiber-optic communications systems with large accumulated dispersion. Our focus is on settling the discrepancy between the results of the Gaussian noise (GN) model (according to which NLIN is additive Gaussian) and a recently published time-domain analysis, which attributes drastically different properties to the NLIN. Upon reviewing the two approaches we identify several unjustified assumptions that are key in the derivation of the GN model, and that are responsible for the discrepancy. We derive the true NLIN power and verify that the NLIN is not additive Gaussian, but rather it depends strongly on the data transmitted in the channel of interest. In addition we validate the time-domain model numerically and demonstrate the strong dependence of the NLIN on the interfering channels' modulation format.

[1]  R. Essiambre,et al.  Nonlinear Shannon Limit in Pseudolinear Coherent Systems , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[2]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  Statistical characterization of PM-QPSK signals after propagation in uncompensated fiber links , 2010, 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[3]  S. Savory.  Approximations for the Nonlinear Self-Channel Interference of Channels With Rectangular Spectra , 2013, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[4]  Ronen Dar,et al.  Improved Bounds on the Nonlinear Fiber-Channel Capacity , 2013 .

[5]  A. Bononi,et al.  Nonlinear threshold decrease with distance in 112 Gb/s PDM-QPSK coherent systems , 2012, 2012 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications.

[6]  P. Bayvel,et al.  Electronic dispersion compensation by signal predistortion using digital Processing and a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder Modulator , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[7]  A. Mecozzi,et al.  Analysis of intrachannel nonlinear effects in highly dispersed optical pulse transmission , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[8]  S. Kumar,et al.  Second-order theory for self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in optical fibers , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[9]  M. Karlsson,et al.  Perturbation Analysis of Nonlinear Propagation in a Strongly Dispersive Optical Communication System , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[10]  Peter W. Glynn,et al.  Stochastic Simulation: Algorithms and Analysis , 2007 .

[11]  P. Poggiolini.  The GN Model of Non-Linear Propagation in Uncompensated Coherent Optical Systems , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[12]  R. Cigliutti,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Nonlinear Interference Accumulation in Uncompensated Links , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[13]  M. Meltsin,et al.  Efficient multiplier-free FPGA demonstration of polar-domain multi-symbol-delay-detector (MSDD) for high performance phase recovery of 16-QAM , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[14]  Xiang Liu,et al.  Phase-conjugated twin waves for communication beyond the Kerr nonlinearity limit , 2013, Nature Photonics.

[15]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  Analytical Modeling of Nonlinear Propagation in Uncompensated Optical Transmission Links , 2011, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[16]  F. Forghieri,et al.  Chapter 8 – Fiber Nonlinearities and Their Impact on Transmission Systems , 1997 .

[17]  E. Torrengo,et al.  Experimental validation of an analytical model for nonlinear propagation in uncompensated optical links , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[18]  G. Bosco,et al.  Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Propagation Effects in Uncompensated Optical Coherent Transmission Links , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  J. Kahn,et al.  Compensation of Dispersion and Nonlinear Impairments Using Digital Backpropagation , 2008, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[20]  P. Winzer,et al.  Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[21]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  A Detailed Analytical Derivation of the GN Model of Non-Linear Interference in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems , 2012, 1209.0394.

[22]  Ronen Dar,et al.  New Bounds on the Capacity of Fiber-Optics Communications , 2013, ArXiv.

[23]  Xiang Zhou.  Hardware Efficient Carrier Recovery Algorithms for Single-Carrier QAM systems , 2012 .

[24]  A. Papoulis.  PULSE COMPRESSION, FIBER COMMUNICATIONS, AND DIFFRACTION : A UNIFIED APPROACH , 1994 .