Dosimetric evaluation of human head for portable telephones

With explosive growth of the use of portable telephones, the public has become concerned with how the radio waves generated by the phones may affect the human body. Developed countries started setting local absorption limits and standards for body protection from the portable phones. However, different countries use different methods of evaluation for the local absorption rate of electric energy which was introduced as the evaluation criterion (SAR: Specific Absorption Rate). Generally speaking, quantitative analysis of SAR in the human body exposed to electromagnetic radiation is referred to as dosimetry. This article offers a discussion of the current situation and problems relating to dosimetry based mainly on the results of domestic and foreign research of in-head dosimetry for portable phones. The authors also offer their views on methods of evaluation of the safety of portable telephones and identify problems to be considered in the future. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(7): 12–22, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1107

[1]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[2]  P. Dimbylow,et al.  SAR calculations in an anatomically realistic model of the head for mobile communication transceivers at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. , 1994, Physics in medicine and biology.

[3]  C.M. Furse,et al.  Computations of SAR distributions for two anatomically-based models of the human head using CAD files of commercial telephones and the parallelized FDTD code , 1997, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest.

[4]  Qishan Yu,et al.  An automated SAR measurement system for compliance testing of personal wireless devices , 1999 .

[5]  Niels Kuster,et al.  The dependence of electromagnetic energy absorption upon human-head modeling at 1800 MHz , 1997 .

[6]  Niels Kuster,et al.  Automated E-field scanning system for dosimetric assessments , 1996 .

[7]  Quirino Balzano,et al.  Electromagnetic energy exposure of simulated users of portable cellular telephones , 1995 .

[8]  David H. Sliney,et al.  Health issues related to the use of hand-held radiotelephones and base transmitters. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. , 1996, Health physics.

[9]  M. Stuchly,et al.  A study of the handset antenna and human body interaction , 1996 .

[10]  C. Gabriel.  Compilation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues at RF and Microwave Frequencies. , 1996 .

[11]  Osamu Fujiwara,et al.  Characteristics of the SAR distributions in a head exposed to electromagnetic fields radiated by a hand-held portable radio , 1996 .

[12]  O. Fujiwara,et al.  FDTD computation of temperature rise in the human head for portable telephones , 1999 .

[13]  S. Pisa,et al.  Specific absorption rate and temperature increases in the head of a cellular-phone user , 2000 .

[14]  Arthur W. Guy,et al.  Specific Absorption Rates of Energy in Man Models Exposed to Cellular UHF Mobile-Antenna Fields , 1986 .

[15]  O. Gandhi,et al.  On modeling and personal dosimetry of cellular telephone helical antennas with the FDTD code , 1998 .

[16]  N. Kuster,et al.  Differences in energy absorption between heads of adults and children in the near field of sources. , 1998, Health physics.

[17]  O. Gandhi,et al.  Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz , 1996 .

[18]  John M. Ziriax,et al.  Variability in EMF permittivity values: implications for SAR calculations , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[19]  N. Kuster,et al.  The dependence of EM energy absorption upon human head modeling at 900 MHz , 1996 .