A review on handwritten character and numeral recognition for Roman, Arabic, Chinese and Indian scripts

There are a lot of intensive researches on handwritten character recognition (HCR) for almost past four decades. The research has been done on some of popular scripts such as Roman, Arabic, Chinese and Indian. In this paper we present a review on HCR work on the four popular scripts. We have summarized most of the published paper from 2005 to recent and also analyzed the various methods in creating a robust HCR system. We also added some future direction of research on HCR.

[1]  Changle Zhou,et al.  Radical extraction for handwritten Chinese character recognition by using radical cascade classifier , 2012 .

[2]  N. Shanthi,et al.  A novel SVM-based handwritten Tamil character recognition system , 2010, Pattern Analysis and Applications.

[3]  Cheng-Lin Liu,et al.  An approach for real-time recognition of online Chinese handwritten sentences , 2012, Pattern Recognit..

[4]  Mahantapas Kundu,et al.  Combining Multiple Feature Extraction Techniques for Handwritten Devnagari Character Recognition , 2008, 2008 IEEE Region 10 and the Third international Conference on Industrial and Information Systems.

[5]  Haradhan Chel,et al.  Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm in Neural Network Based Approach for Handwritten Text Recognition , 2011, CSE 2011.

[6]  P. Vanaja Ranjan,et al.  Zone-based hybrid feature extraction algorithm for handwritten numeral recognition of four Indian scripts , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[7]  Malayappan Shridhar,et al.  On Recognition of Handwritten Bangla Characters , 2006, ICVGIP.

[8]  Lei Li,et al.  Handwritten character recognition via direction string and nearest neighbor matching , 2012 .

[9]  Graham Leedham,et al.  On-line recognition of handwritten Renqun shorthand for fast mobile Chinese text entry , 2007, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[10]  Stavros J. Perantonis,et al.  Handwritten character recognition through two-stage foreground sub-sampling , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[11]  Harold Mouchère,et al.  Learning a Classifier with Very Few Examples: Analogy Based and Knowledge Based Generation of New Examples for Character Recognition , 2007, ECML.

[12]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Hybrid feature extraction and feature selection for improving recognition accuracy of handwritten numerals , 2005, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05).

[13]  Radwan E. Abdel-Aal,et al.  Recognition of Handwritten Arabic (Indian) Numerals Using Freeman's Chain Codes and Abductive Network Classifiers , 2010, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[14]  Cheng-Lin Liu,et al.  High Accuracy Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Quadratic Classifiers with Discriminative Feature Extraction , 2006, 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06).

[15]  A. G. Ramakrishnan,et al.  Online Character Recognition using Regression Techniques , 2008, 2008 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision.

[16]  Alireza Alaei,et al.  A New Two-Stage Scheme for the Recognition of Persian Handwritten Characters , 2010, 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[17]  Yogesh Kumar Meena,et al.  An Efficient Feature Extraction Method for Handwritten Character Recognition , 2011, SEMCCO.

[18]  Volker Märgner,et al.  Handwritten Arabic Word Recognition Using the IFN / ENIT - database , 2012 .

[19]  J.C. Lee,et al.  Feature Extraction for handwritten Chinese character recognition using X-Y graphs decomposition and Haar wavelet , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications.

[20]  P. Vanaja Ranjan,et al.  Zone Based Hybrid Feature Extraction Algorithm for Handwritten Numeral Recognition of South Indian Scripts , 2009, IC3.

[21]  Nadir Farah,et al.  Classifiers Combination for Arabic Words Recognition: Application to Handwritten Algerian City Names , 2012, ICISP.

[22]  Yuanzhen Wang,et al.  Stroke extraction based on ambiguous zone detection: a preprocessing step to recover dynamic information from handwritten Chinese characters , 2009, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR).

[23]  Apurva A. Desai,et al.  Gujarati handwritten numeral optical character reorganization through neural network , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[24]  Christopher Kermorvant,et al.  Features for HMM-Based Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition Systems , 2012 .

[25]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  Offline recognition of handwritten Bangla characters: an efficient two-stage approach , 2012, Pattern Analysis and Applications.

[26]  Volker Märgner,et al.  Comparison of Different Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Methods for Offline Recognition of Handwritten ArabicWords , 2007, ICDAR.

[27]  Abdelmajid Ben Hamadou,et al.  Multi-stream Markov Models for Arabic Handwriting Recognition , 2012 .

[28]  Siti Zaiton Mohd Hashim,et al.  Freeman Chain Code Extraction Using Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) , 2009, 2009 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition.

[29]  Alejandro Héctor Toselli,et al.  On-Line Handwriting Recognition System for Tamil Handwritten Characters , 2007, IbPRIA.

[30]  Atul Sajjanhar,et al.  Polar Transformation System for Offline Handwritten Character Recognition , 2011, SNPD.

[31]  Sabri A. Mahmoud,et al.  Printed Arabic Text Recognition , 2012 .

[32]  Dharam Veer Sharma,et al.  Comparison of Feature Extraction Methods for Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Characters in Gurmukhi Script , 2011, ICIS 2011.

[33]  Binu P. Chacko,et al.  Handwritten character recognition using wavelet energy and extreme learning machine , 2012, Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern..

[34]  Yang Yang,et al.  English Character Recognition Based on Feature Combination , 2011 .

[35]  Fei Yin,et al.  Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition: Benchmarking on new databases , 2013, Pattern Recognit..

[36]  G. S. Reddy,et al.  Combined online and offline assamese handwritten numeral recognizer , 2012, 2012 National Conference on Communications (NCC).

[37]  SOUMEN BAG,et al.  A survey on optical character recognition for Bangla and Devanagari scripts , 2013, Sadhana.

[38]  Tetsushi Wakabayashi,et al.  Handwritten Character Recognition of Popular South Indian Scripts , 2006, SACH.

[39]  Amit Choudhary,et al.  Unconstrained Handwritten Digit OCR Using Projection Profile and Neural Network Approach , 2012 .

[40]  Chih-Chang Yu,et al.  Vision-Based Fingertip-Writing Character Recognition , 2011, J. Signal Process. Syst..

[41]  Marcus Liwicki,et al.  Analysis of Local Features for Handwritten Character Recognition , 2010, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[42]  Gernot A. Fink,et al.  Markov models for offline handwriting recognition: a survey , 2009, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR).

[43]  Farbod Razzazi,et al.  FPGA Implementation of Feature Extraction and MLP Neural Network Classifier for Farsi Handwritten Digit Recognition , 2009, 2009 Third UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation.

[44]  B. Verma,et al.  A feature extraction technique for online handwriting recognition , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541).

[45]  S. Gomathi Rohini,et al.  Character Segmentation for Cursive Handwritten Text Using Ligature Classification and Transition Feature , 2013 .

[46]  Jianmin Jiang,et al.  Offline handwritten Arabic cursive text recognition using Hidden Markov Models and re-ranking , 2011, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[47]  S. Himavathi,et al.  Diagonal based feature extraction for handwritten character recognition system using neural network , 2011, 2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology.

[48]  Ganapatsingh G. Rajput,et al.  Handwritten Kannada Vowel Character Recognition Using Crack Codes and Fourier Descriptors , 2011, MIWAI.