Empirical Rain Attenuation Model for Earth-Satellite Paths

A set of three simple empirical formulas is given for the calculation of long-term rain attenuation distributions on earth-satellite microwave radio paths from long-term (≥20 yr) distributions of 5-min point rain rates. The calculated results agree well with six sets of rain attenuation data on earth-satellite paths measured in Illinois, Georgia and New Jersey. This simple method, which is an extension of that obtained previously by the author for terrestrial radio application, is useful in the engineering of satellite communication systems at frequencies above 10 GHz.

[1]  S. H. Lin.  Dependence of rain-rate distribution on rain-gauge integration time , 1976, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[2]  T. Oguchi,et al.  Attenuation of electromagnetic wave due to rain with distorted raindrops,2. , 1964 .

[3]  H. Bergmann.  Satellite site diversity: Results of a radiometer experiment at 13 and 18 GHz , 1977 .

[4]  A. Freeny,et al.  A statistical description of intense rainfall , 1969 .

[5]  T. S. Chu,et al.  Rain-induced cross-polarization at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths , 1974 .

[6]  J. Goldhirsh,et al.  Attenuation of propagation through rain for an earth--Satellite path correlated with predicted values using radar , 1976 .

[7]  David C. Hogg,et al.  The role of rain in satellite communications , 1975, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[8]  Robert K. Crane,et al.  Attenuation due to rain--A mini-review , 1975 .

[9]  S. H. Lin,et al.  Rain-rate distributions and extreme-value statistics , 1976, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[10]  D. Gray,et al.  Earth-space path diversity: Dependence on base line orientation , 1973 .

[11]  Julius Goldhirsh,et al.  Prediction of slant path rain attenuation statistics at various locations , 1977 .

[12]  David E. Setzer,et al.  Computed transmission through rain at microwave and visible frequencies , 1970, Bell Syst. Tech. J..

[13]  S. H. Lin,et al.  11-GHz radio: Nationwide long-term rain rate statistics and empirical calculation of 11-GHz microwave rain attenuation , 1977, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[14]  W. Y. S. Chen.  B.S.T.J. briefs: A simple method for estimating five-minute point rain-rate distributions based on available climatological data , 1976, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[15]  M. Cross,et al.  Scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by axisymmetric raindrops , 1974 .

[16]  R. Valentin.  Attenuation caused by rain at frequencies above 10 GHz , 1977 .

[17]  S. H. Lin.  Mere on rain rate distributions and extreme value statistics , 1978, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[18]  R. Medhurst,et al.  Rainfall attenuation of centimeter waves: Comparison of theory and measurement , 1965 .

[19]  A. J. Rustako.  An earth-space propagation measurement at crawford hill using the 12-GHz CTS satellite beacon , 1978, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[20]  Robert K. Crane,et al.  Propagation phenomena affecting satellite communication systems operating in the centimeter and millimeter wavelength bands , 1971 .

[21]  P.J. Bartholome.  Propagation experiments at 11/14 GHz as part of the European communications satellite program , 1977, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[22]  D. V. Rogers,et al.  The aR b relation in the calculation of rain attenuation , 1978 .

[23]  D. Hogg,et al.  Millimeter-Wave Communication through the Atmosphere: The known and unknown features in propagation of short radio waves are discussed. , 1968, Science.

[24]  D. C. Hogg,et al.  Statistics on attenuation of microwaves by intense rain , 1969 .

[25]  H. Bussey,et al.  Microwave Attenuation Statistics Estimated from Rainfall and Water Vapor Statistics , 1950, Proceedings of the IRE.

[26]  S. H. Lin,et al.  A method for calculating rain attenuation distributions on microwave paths , 1975, The Bell System Technical Journal.