Regenerating Longleaf Pine with Natural Seeding

Natural regeneration is a practical and inexpensive option for existing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests if all requirements for regeneration can be met. These requirements include an adequate seed supply, a seedbed of exposed mineral soil, timely control of competition, and protection of the established seedling stand. The shelterwood system appears best suited to the requirements of the species. The final harvest takes place only after a new stand is established so that the site is occupied while waiting for a good cone crop. The shelterwood stand maximizes per-acre seed production and produces sufficient needle litter to fuel fires hot enough to limit hardwood encroachment. Careful advance planning, annual monitoring of cone crops, regular regeneration surveys, and proper timing and execution of cultural treatments are essential to success.