Alternatives to shunting

Abstract The growing awareness of mechanical and infectious complications related to the implantation of extracranial CSF shunts and the rapid developments in neuroendoscopic surgery have given pediatric neurosurgeons the possibility of choosing between the two types of treatment. The decision will depend on a number of factors, such as whether it is possible to identify the etiology of the hydrocephalus on the preoperative examinations, the surgeon’s familiarity with the endoscopic technique, and his or her personal opinions about the efficacy of the alternative techniques to shunt implantation. The history and the state of the art of the alternatives to shunting are briefly reviewed for each of the main pathophysiological groups of pediatric hydrocephalus: aqueductal stenosis, posterior fossa tumors, meningomyelocele, Dandy-Walker malformation, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and others.

[1]  H. L. Parker,et al.  OCCLUSION OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS , 1930 .

[2]  J. Antunes,et al.  Dandy-Walker syndrome: clinico-pathological features and re-evaluation of modes of treatment. , 1977, Surgical neurology.

[3]  James Drake,et al.  Third Ventriculostomy versus Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt as a First Procedure in Pediatric Hydrocephalus , 1999, Pediatric Neurosurgery.

[4]  H. Nornes,et al.  Hydrocephalus in an achondroplastic child treated by venous decompression at the jugular foramen. Case report. , 1990, Journal of neurosurgery.

[5]  J. Hirsch,et al.  The Dandy-Walker malformation. A review of 40 cases. , 1984, Journal of neurosurgery.

[6]  P. Kelly,et al.  Computed tomography-based stereotactic third ventriculostomy: technical note. , 1986, Neurosurgery.

[7]  M. Vloeberghs,et al.  Neuroendoscopy in the premature population , 1998, Child's Nervous System.

[8]  W. Mckissock,et al.  Aqueduct stenosis; clinical aspects, and results of treatment by ventriculocisternostomy (Torkildsen's operation). , 1955, Journal of neurosurgery.

[9]  N. Marlow,et al.  Phase I study of intraventricular recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for treatment of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. , 1996, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition.

[10]  F. Brunelle,et al.  Hydrocephalus and craniosynostosis. , 1997, Journal of neurosurgery.

[11]  A. Villavicencio,et al.  Avoiding Complicated Shunt Systems by Open Fenestration of Symptomatic Fourth Ventricular Cysts Associated with Hydrocephalus , 1998, Pediatric Neurosurgery.

[12]  H. Weiner,et al.  Complications of fourth-ventricular shunts. , 1995, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[13]  F. Sklar,et al.  Ventriculosubgaleal shunts: management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants. , 1992, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[14]  C. Teo,et al.  Management of hydrocephalus by endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with myelomeningocele. , 1996, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[15]  J. Abraham,et al.  VENTRICULO-ATRIAL SHUNT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR-FOSSA TUMOURS: PRELIMINARY REPORT. , 1963, Journal of neurosurgery.

[16]  M. West,et al.  Slit ventricle syndrome with aqueduct stenosis: third ventriculostomy as definitive treatment. , 1988, Neurosurgery.

[17]  F. Brunelle,et al.  Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children. , 1999, Journal of neurosurgery.

[18]  N. Hopf,et al.  Endoscopic neurosurgery and endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for the treatment of intracranial cysts. , 1998, Neurosurgery.

[19]  L. Albright,et al.  Management of hydrocephalus secondary to posterior fossa tumors. , 1976, Modern problems in paediatrics.

[20]  C. Sainte-Rose,et al.  Sylvian aqueduct syndrome and global rostral midbrain dysfunction associated with shunt malfunction , 1999 .

[21]  J. Piatt,et al.  A search for determinants of cerebrospinal fluid shunt survival: retrospective analysis of a 14-year institutional experience. , 1993, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[22]  S. Mullan,et al.  Ventriculo-caval shunt in the management of posterior fossa tumors. , 1967, Journal of neurosurgery.

[23]  J. Madsen,et al.  Intraventricular urokinase for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. , 1997, Pediatric neurology.

[24]  C. Sainte-Rose,et al.  The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of shunt malfunction. , 1998, Neurosurgery.

[25]  M. Vloeberghs,et al.  Neuroendoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Patients Less than 1 Year Old , 1998, Pediatric Neurosurgery.

[26]  A. Torkildsen.  A NEW PALLIATIVE OPERATION IN CASES OF INOPERABLE OCCLUSION OF THE SYLVIAN AQUEDUCT , 1939 .

[27]  L. Goumnerova,et al.  Telemetric intraventricular pressure measurements after third ventriculocisternostomy in a patient with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. , 1997, Neurosurgery.

[28]  S J Schiff,et al.  Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus. , 1998, Neurosurgery.

[29]  F. Nulsen,et al.  Treatment of hydrocephalus by direct shunt from ventricle to jugular vain. , 1951, Surgical forum.

[30]  D. Culley,et al.  An analysis of factors determining the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunts after posterior fossa tumor surgery in children. , 1994, Neurosurgery.

[31]  R. Sawaya,et al.  Dandy-Walker syndrome. Clinical analysis of 23 cases. , 1981, Journal of neurosurgery.

[32]  M. Walker,et al.  Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: An Outcome Analysis , 1998, Pediatric Neurosurgery.

[33]  J. Hirsch,et al.  Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Etiology and treatment. , 1986, Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

[34]  A. Pierre-Kahn,et al.  Place de la ventriculo-cisternostomie dans le traitement des hydrocéphalies non communicantes , 1975 .

[35]  T. Norton,et al.  Atresia of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie: the Dandy-Walker cyst. , 1969, Journal of neurosurgery.

[36]  H. Rekate,et al.  Ventricular shunt removal: the ultimate treatment of the slit ventricle syndrome. , 1998, Journal of neurosurgery.

[37]  D. Harwood-Nash,et al.  Percutaneous third ventriculostomy in the management of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. , 1980, Neurosurgery.

[38]  M. Brydon,et al.  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy. , 1990, Neurosurgery.

[39]  P. Derome,et al.  Ventriculo-cisternostomie sous controle radioscopique pour hydrocéphalie obstructive. , 1968 .

[40]  J. Volpe.  Neurology of the Newborn , 1959, Major problems in clinical pediatrics.

[41]  Alan R. Cohen,et al.  Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: Outcome Analysis of 100 Consecutive Procedures , 1999 .

[42]  Vries Jk.  An endoscopic technique for third ventriculostomy. , 1978 .

[43]  W. Dandy,et al.  INTERNAL HYDROCEPHALUS: An Experimental, Clinical and Pathological Study , 1964 .

[44]  G. Ojemann,et al.  Ventriculostomy for the treatment of acute hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage. , 1973, Journal of neurosurgery.

[45]  A. King,et al.  Strictures of the aqueduct of Sylvius. , 1953, Guthrie Clinic bulletin.

[46]  J. McComb,et al.  Management of hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant with a subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir. , 1983, Neurosurgery.

[47]  A. L. Albright,et al.  Management of hydrocephalus complicating childhood posterior fossa tumors. , 1989, Pediatric neuroscience.

[48]  H. Matushita,et al.  Dandy-Walker syndrome: posterior fossa craniectomy and cyst fenestration after several shunt revisions , 1990, Child's Nervous System.

[49]  W. Dandy.  DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF STRICTURES OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS (CAUSING HYDROCEPHALUS) , 1945 .

[50]  J. Hirsch.  Percutaneous Ventriculocisternostomies in Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus , 1982 .

[51]  S. Barrer,et al.  Global rostral midbrain dysfunction secondary to shunt malfunction in hydrocephalus. , 1980, Neurosurgery.

[52]  J. Hirsch,et al.  Intracranial venous sinus hypertension: cause or consequence of hydrocephalus in infants? , 1984, Journal of neurosurgery.

[53]  J. Hirsch,et al.  Mechanical complications in shunts. , 1991, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[54]  A. Menezes,et al.  Diagnosis and management of the Dandy-Walker malformation: 30 years of experience. , 1992, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[55]  E. Kosnik,et al.  Percutaneous third ventriculostomy: experience and technique. , 1976, Child's brain.

[56]  J. Wisoff,et al.  Management of hydrocephalus in children with medulloblastoma: prognostic factors for shunting. , 1994, Pediatric neurosurgery.