A laboratory investigation to compare enamel preparation by sandblasting or acid etching prior to bracket bonding.

A laboratory investigation to compare the mean shear debonding force and mode of bond failure of metallic brackets bonded to sandblasted and acid-etched enamel is described. The buccal surfaces of 30 extracted human premolars were sandblasted for 5 seconds with 50 mu alumina and the buccal surfaces of a further 30 human premolars were etched with 37 per cent phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. Following storage for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in distilled water, shear debonding force was measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine with a cross-head speed of 10 mm/minute. Mean shear debonding force was significantly lower for brackets bonded to sandblasted enamel compared to acid etched enamel (P < 0.001). Weibull analysis showed that at a given stress the probability of failure was significantly greater for brackets bonded to sandblasted enamel. Brackets bonded to etched enamel showed a mixed mode of bond failure whereas following sandblasting, failure was adhesive at the enamel/composite interface (P < 0.01).

[1]  B. Zachrisson,et al.  RECENT ADVANCES IN BONDING TO GOLD, AMALGAM, AND PORCELAIN , 1993 .

[2]  R. Evans,et al.  Orthodontic bonding using glass ionomer cement: an in vitro study. , 1991, European journal of orthodontics.

[3]  W. Carstensen.  The effects of different phosphoric acid concentrations on surface enamel. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[4]  J Artun,et al.  Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. , 1984, American journal of orthodontics.

[5]  D. Willmann,et al.  A new prophylaxis instrument: effect on enamel alterations. , 1980, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[6]  W. Carstensen.  Clinical results after direct bonding of brackets using shorter etching times. , 1986, American journal of orthodontics.

[7]  J. Knox,et al.  An in vitro study of the effects of different crystal growth solutions on the topography of the enamel surface. , 1994, European journal of orthodontics.

[8]  I. Reynolds.  A Review of Direct Orthodontic Bonding , 1975 .

[9]  G. V. Newman.  Epoxy adhesives for orthodontic attachments: progress report. , 1965, American journal of orthodontics.

[10]  W. Carstensen.  Clinical effects of reduction of acid concentration on direct bonding of brackets. , 1993, The Angle orthodontist.

[11]  L. Legler,et al.  Effects of phosphoric acid concentration and etch duration on enamel depth of etch: an in vitro study. , 1990, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[12]  W. E. Brown,et al.  Phosphoric Acid Conditioning of Teeth for Pit and Fissure Sealants , 1973, Journal of dental research.

[13]  F. Mante,et al.  Enamel preparation for orthodontic bonding: a comparison between the use of a sandblaster and current techniques. , 1997, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[14]  C. Barnes,et al.  Effects of an airabrasive polishing system on restored surfaces. , 1987, General dentistry.

[15]  D. Smith,et al.  Crystal growth on the outer enamel surface--an alternative to acid etching. , 1986, American journal of orthodontics.

[16]  J. McCabe,et al.  A statistical approach to the mechanical testing of dental materials. , 1986, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[17]  R. van Noort,et al.  The tensile bond strength of new and rebonded stainless steel orthodontic brackets. , 1993, European journal of orthodontics.

[18]  D. Retief,et al.  Tensile bond strengths of orthodontic bonding resins and attachments to etched enamel. , 1987, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[19]  P. L. Sadowsky,et al.  Effects of phosphoric acid concentration and etch duration on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel. An in vitro study. , 1989, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[20]  D. Millett,et al.  The Role of Sandblasting on the Retention of Metallic Brackets Applied with Glass Ionomer Cement , 1993, British journal of orthodontics.

[21]  A. Gwinnett,et al.  Effects of enamel etching time on bond strength and morphology. , 1985, Journal of clinical orthodontics : JCO.

[22]  Hess Ja,et al.  Scanning electron micrographic effects of air-abrasion cavity preparation on human enamel and dentin. , 1995 .

[23]  M. Moors,et al.  Comparison in shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets between five bonding systems related to different etching times: an in vitro study. , 1992, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[24]  P. L. Sadowsky,et al.  Effects of etchant concentration and duration on the retention of orthodontic brackets: an in vivo study. , 1990, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.